山西谷子优质不育系选育及杂交利用研究  

Research on Selection and Hybridization of Shanxi Millet High-quality Sterile Lines

作　　者：麻慧芳 史关燕 杨成元 王宏丽 MA Hui-fang;SHI Guan-yan;YANG Cheng-yuan(Institute of Economic Crops,Shanxi Agricultural University,Fenyang,Shanxi 032200)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学经济作物研究所,山西汾阳032200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第1期26-30,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院有机旱作农业研发专项(YCX2018418);山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目(17YZGC026-2);吕梁市重点研发项目(2019NYZDYF20)。

摘　　要：杂种优势利用研究是大幅度提高谷子产量的重要途径。谷子属自花授粉作物,在杂种优势利用研究中不育系选育是关键。针对现有谷子不育系存在的早熟、高杆、制种困难、杂交种早衰、品质较差等问题,笔者在晋汾1A、晋汾21A等不育材料的基础上,采用杂交转育、诱变等育种方法选育出植株较矮、中晚熟、异交结实率高的优良不育系:晋汾21A-6、汾57A-3、汾92-22A;同时,筛选抗拿捕净除草剂优良恢复系K27-10、K15-4等53个。并利用新优质不育系与优质恢复系大量测配,选育出3个优质杂交种汾杂16-3、汾杂16-8、汾杂16-11,通过适应性鉴定,可作为山西省中晚熟区种植的优质杂交种应用于生产。Research on the utilization of heterosis is an important way to greatly increase millet yield.Millet is a self-pollinated crop,and the breeding of sterile lines is the key in the study of heterosis utilization.Aiming at the problems of early maturity,high stem,difficulty in seed production,premature aging of hybrids,and poor quality of existing millet sterile lines,the author selected fine sterile lines Jinfen21A-6,Fen57A-3,and Fen92-22A with shorter plant height,middle late maturity and high outcrossing seed setting rate by means of cross breeding and mutation on the basis of sterile materials such as Jinfen 1A and Jinfen 21A.Meanwhile,53 excellent restorer lines which could resist herbicide of Napujing,such as K27-10,K15-4 and so on were screened.In addition,a large number of high-quality sterile lines and high-quality restorer lines were used to test and match three high-quality hybrids Fenza 16-3,Fenza 16-8,and Fenza 16-11.Through adaptability identification,they can be used as high-quality hybrids planted in middle and late maturing areas of Shanxi Province.

关 键 词：谷子 不育系 选育 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]