内蒙古西部地区土壤真菌的多样性分析  

The Diversity of Soil Fungi in the Western Inner Mongolia

作　　者：马强 夏冬双 武志华[1] 王雪寒 任兴波[1] 丁一秀 刘惠荣[1] MA Qiang;XIA Dong-shuang;WU Zhi-hua;WANG Xue-han;REN Xing-bo;DING Yi-xiu;LIU Hui-rong(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第35期14447-14454,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31370058)。

摘　　要：为明确内蒙古西部地区土壤真菌的多样性,从内蒙古西部地区采集土壤样品170份,提取土壤样品的总DNA,通过聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis PCR-DGGE),对真菌的丰富度和香农指数进行分析,并研究了土壤真菌多样性与土壤类型、土壤利用方式及土壤环境参数的相关性。结果显示,内蒙古西部地区土壤真菌的多样性较为丰富,丰富度指数处于11~25.4,香农指数处于2.33~3.17。在内蒙古西部同一地区的不同类型土壤中的真菌多样性差异显著。其中,棕钙土、栗钙土、石质土的丰富度最高,草甸土最低;同一地区相同类型土壤中草地的真菌数量比耕地丰富,林地土壤真菌数量相对较少,未利用土壤真菌多样性指数最低。真菌多样性与土壤环境参数的相关性分析结果显示二者之间并无显著的相关性。经过18S rRNA基因序列比对共得到了9个属的真菌,Penicillium(青霉属)、Aureobasidium(短柄霉属)、Pyrenochata(棘壳菌属)、Rhodocybella(红盖菇属)、Vanderwaltozyma、Kazachstania、Cystofilobasidium、Saccharomyces(酵母菌属),还有一株未被培养的优势菌。内蒙古西部地区的真菌资源较为丰富,其多样性受土壤类型及利用方式影响较大,作为与人类活动息息相关的一种重要的微生物资源,研究成果为今后该地区真菌资源的开发利用奠定了基础。To determine the diversity of soil fungi in the western Inner Mongolia,170 soil samples were collected in the study region.The total DNA was extracted from the soil samples,and the richness index and the Shannon index of fungi were determined by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The relationship of the diversity of soil fungi to the soil types,soil utilization patterns,and soil environmental parameters were clarified.Results show that the diversity of soil fungi in the western region of Inner Mongolia was relatively rich.The richness index of the soil samples ranged 11~25.4 and the Shannon index ranged 2.33~3.17.However,the diversity of fungi in different types of soil in the same area was quite different.Among them,the richness of fungi was the highest in brown pedocal soil,chestnut soil,and chisley soil,and the lowest in prairie soils.The fungi was more abundant in grassland than in farmland in the same type of soil in same area,while fungi in forest soil was relatively less and the diversity index of fungi of unused soil was the least.The correlation between the diversity of fungi and soil environmental parameters was insignificant.In total,nine genera of fungi were identified by 18 S rRNA gene sequence analysis,including Penicillium,Aureobasidium,Pyrenochata,Rhodocybella,Vanderwaltozyma,Kazachstania,Cystofilobasidium,Saccharomyces,and an uncultured fungus.Therefore,the fungus resources in the western region of Inner Mongolia were abundant and the diversity of fungi was affected obviously by soil types and soil utilization patterns.This study provided basic data for research and development of the utilization of fungi resources in the western region of Inner Mongolia and other similar regions.

关 键 词：聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE) 土壤 真菌 多样性 内蒙古 

分 类 号：Q938.13[生物学—微生物学]