民事补充责任的程序实现  

Procedure Realization of Civil Supplementary Liability

作　　者：张海燕[1] Zhang Haiyan

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2020年第6期183-204,共22页China Legal Science

基　　金：2017年度国家社科基金项目“案多人少应对视角下我国督促程序激活之实证研究”(项目批准号:17BFX050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：补充责任在我国是一种独立的民事共同责任类型。实体法赋予补充责任的制度内容需经由特定司法程序予以实现,但实务中补充责任的实现程序存在诸多困境,比如诉讼形态不统一、判决书主文内容不规范以及补充责任承担条件的判断程序缺失等。上述问题的根源在于实体法规范的模糊不定和程序规则供给的严重不足,故有必要从实体法创设补充责任的价值功能出发,在解释论视角下建构符合补充责任本质属性的系统化程序实现机制:在责任确定阶段,涉补充责任案件的诉讼形态应被界定为类似必要共同诉讼,判决书主文应体现直接责任和补充责任承担的顺序性,为扩大诉讼制度的纷争解决功能,可在诉讼中为追偿权的实现保留空间;在责任实现阶段,应为直接责任人财产不足以清偿债务这一补充责任承担条件在不同阶段配置适当的判断程序,并应使补充责任人于担责时享有充分的权利救济。此外,要确保补充责任程序实现机制建构的科学化,一个重要的前提是实体法应形成关于补充责任的统一规则,厘清补充责任与其他共同责任类型的边界。Supplementary liability is an independent type of civil joint liability in our country. The systematical content of supplementary liability endowed by substantive law needs to be realized through specific judicial procedures. However, the implementation in civil procedure encounters several dilemmas, such as the non-uniform action forms, non-standard main text of the judgment and the missing estimate procedure of its conditions, etc. The root of the problem lies in the ambiguity of substantive law and the serious shortage of procedural rules, therefore, it is necessary to start with the value and function of supplementary liability established by substantive law, and then to construct a set of systematic program implementation mechanism in accordance with the nature of supplementary responsibility in the perspective of legal interpretation: in the stage of liability confirmation, the action form shall be classified into similar necessary joint action, and the main text of the judgment should reflect the order of direct liability and supplementary liability;to expand the dispute resolution function of the litigation system, possibility could be reserved for the realization of the right of recourse in the litigation;in the stage of liability implementation, the condition of implementation of the supplementary liability-holder that the property of the direct liability-holder is insufficient to repay the debt should be configured in different periods, furthermore, full right of relief should be granted to the supplementary liability-holder who is about to undertaking the liability. Besides, to ensure the scientific construction of the procedural mechanism of the supplementary liability implementation, an important premise is that the substantive law should set uniform norms and clarify the boundary between supplementary liability and other types of joint liability.

关 键 词：补充责任 先诉抗辩权 类似必要共同诉讼 执行异议 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]