灌溉方式对冀西北棚室结球莴苣生长的影响研究  

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Growth of Lettuce in Greenhouse in Northwest Hebei Province

作　　者：史伟杰 张博超 王曼 左利兵 常磊 高华山 SHI Wei-jie;ZHANG Bo-chao;WANG Man;ZUO Li-bing;CHANG Lei;GAO Hua-shan(Zhangjiakou Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Zhangjiakou Seed Management Station,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业技术推广站,河北张家口075000 [2]张家口市种子管理站,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《中国果菜》2020年第12期46-49,53,共5页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：河北省二期现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目基金(HBCT2018030401)。

摘　　要：开展不同节水灌溉方式对蔬菜生长影响的研究,对改善设施栽培技术、实现冀西北地区蔬菜优质高产、促进冀西北地区水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。本文以早春棚室结球莴苣品种射手101为研究对象,设计了膜下微喷、膜下地表滴灌、膜下地下滴灌、膜下加气地下滴灌这四种节水灌溉方式,以管灌为对照,分析了不同灌溉方式对冀西北早春棚室结球莴苣生长的影响。结果发现,与对照相比,采用节水灌溉的结球莴苣在株高、叶片数、最大叶质量、产品品质、产量等生理指标上均有所增加,特别是加气滴灌能够显著提高结球莴苣的品质和一级品率;同时节水灌溉技术处理组在节水方面优势明显,平均节水率为60.6%,单方水产出率都高于传统灌溉处理的一倍以上。节水灌溉在冀西北早春棚室结球莴苣生产中有明显的节水和提质增产效果。Through the research on the influence of different water-saving irrigation methods on vegetable growth,it is of great significance to improve facility cultivation technology,realize high-quality and high-yield vegetables,and promote the sustainable utilization of water resources in Northwest Hebei province.Taking lettuce"Sheshou 101"in greenhouse in early spring as the research object,four kinds of water-saving irrigation methods were designed,including micro spray under film,surface drip irrigation under film,underground drip irrigation under film,aerated subsurface drip irrigation under film.The results showed that compared with pipe irrigation,the plant mass,number of leaves,maximum leaf mass,product quality,yield and other physiological indexes of lettuce with water-saving irrigation increased to a certain extent,especially the aerated subsurface drip irrigation under film could significantly improve the quality and first-class product rate of lettuce;at the same time,the water irrigation technology treatment group had obvious advantages in water-saving,and the average water-saving irrigation treatment was 60.6%.The yield per cubic meter of water was more than twice that of traditional irrigation treatment.The results showed that the water-saving irrigation technology had obvious effect on saving water,improving quality and increasing yield.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 结球莴苣 品质 产量 节水率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]