清宫内务府广储司瓷库相关问题探讨——兼及清以前宫廷瓷库考述  

Investigation on the Porcelain Warehouse of Guangchu Office of Imperial Household Department of the Qing Court and Concurrent Discussion on Imperial Porcelain Warehouses before the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：项坤鹏[1] Xiang Kunpeng

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2020年第12期71-83,共13页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：瓷库隶属内务府广储司,是清代宫廷服务性机构之一。其库址(之一)位于故宫西南角南大库区域。瓷库设立于康熙二十八年(1689年),实际功能废止于1924年(即清档所载的"宣统十六年九月十二日")。广储司瓷库是各宫殿府库之间以及宫廷与外界(包括御窑厂在内)在瓷器流通方面联系的纽带,除了基本的贮藏功能外,还负责调度宫中瓷器分配、对宫中用瓷进行处置、查验核对以及咨行御窑厂生产或者对外购买宫中所需瓷器等工作。相较于古董房库、茶膳房库、养心殿库等贮瓷库房,广储司瓷库为瓷器总库,包括内库和外库,内库指的是距离宫廷中心更近的中左门内外迆西的西配房,外库则位于南大库区域;而其他则属内殿库贮,是为了取用方便而设立周转之所,功能性上要弱很多。由清代向上追溯可知,最晚从唐朝开始,历代宫廷均有贮藏瓷器的库房,缘于帝王意志和政府制度的不同,历朝所谓"瓷库"的具体情况有所不同。As a service organization of the imperial court,the porcelain warehouse belongs to the Guangchu Office of the Imperial Household Department(neiwufu)of the Qing Dynasty.The porcelain warehouse was founded in 1689,and was practically abolished in 1924.It was the link between the Palace and the outside(including imperial kilns).Besides basic storage,its functions also included dispatching,distribution,disposal and checks of ceramics,as well as giving guidance to imperial kilns for production and purchase of ceramics etc.There were also other storing warehouses such as the antique warehouse,tea restaurant warehouse,Yangxindian warehouse.However,the porcelain warehouse of the Guangchu Office was the main one which included two storehouses.The inner storehouse referred to the west accessory rooms inside and outside the Zhongzuo gate,closer to the centre of the Court.The outer was located in the Nandaku area at the southwest corner of the Palace.For convenient purpose,the porcelain warehouse had transfer places in the inner hall,but such places were much less functional.The setting of imperial porcelain warehouses dates back to the Tang Dynasty at the latest.Due to personal wills of emperors and different government systems,specific conditions of the so-called"porcelain warehouses"in the past dynasties were different.

关 键 词：瓷库 地理位置 存续时间 职掌 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]