国民政府航空公路建设奖券研究(1933-1937)  

Discussion on the National Government's Aviation Road Construction Lottery(1933-1937)

作　　者：梁善明 Liang Shanming

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,西安710119

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2020年第12期116-129,共14页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“博士研究生自由探索项目”(项目编号:2017TS110)资助。

摘　　要：中国自进入近代市场经济社会以来,国人即曾经历由传统的社会政治伦理观向商品经济伦理观的转换。而奖券因融合了助人与利己、利社会与利个人相结合的新型道德功利理念,成为助推这一观念转变和促动新型社会募捐方式兴起的重要触媒。近代中国最重要的国家性奖券之一-国民政府航空公路建设奖券即是典型代表。为发展航空公路事业筹集资金,国民政府曾着力组织发行该奖券,从组织与配套法规的设置,发行制度与经销机制的创设与调整,以及营销策略的设计与行业规制,该奖券发行的各项措置皆有可取之处,并确曾为全面抗战前中国航空公路建设募集了专项基金。但因实际运作中存在权力寻租、部分盈余挪转他用与信息公开度不高等弊病,该奖券又饱受社会各界的抨击与抵制。汲取该奖券发行的经验与教训,可为推动我国当前公益彩票良性发展,以及充分发挥以倡导社会公益事业为主的第三次分配作用提供某些重要历史借鉴。Since the start of market economy and social modernisation in China,values of the Chinese people have undergone the transformation from traditional social ethics to commodity economic ethics.Integrating the new moral utilitarian concepts of public-interest and self-interest,lottery has become a new social fund-raising method which in turn promotes the change in mindset.The National Government aviation road construction lottery is one of the most important national lotteries in modern China and a typical example to study.The National Government once vigorously conducted the issuance of the lottery.And a special fund was raised through the lottery before the Anti-Japanese war.The establishment of relevant organizations,supporting legislation,industry regulations,creation and adjustment of issuance system and distribution mechanism,marketing strategies,and dispute-solving methods were quite laudable.However,the lottery was widely criticized and resisted for the abuse of power,embezzlement and opaque information disclosure.Experience and lessons drawn from the lottery can provide important historical references for promoting the healthy development of public welfare lottery in China and enhance the role of lottery as a third distribution in social public welfare.

关 键 词：国民政府 航空公路建设奖券 发行制度 

分 类 号：F512.9[经济管理—产业经济] K263[历史地理—历史学]