机械收获对宿根蔗地下芽库及成苗的影响研究  

The Effects of Mechanical Compaction on Underground Bud Bank(UBB)and Their Sprouting in Ratoon Sugarcane

作　　者：高欣欣[1] 赵培方[1] 刘高源[1] 刘少春[1] 郭家文[1] GAO Xinxin;ZHAO Peifang;LIU Gaoyuan;LIU Shaochun;GUO Jiawen(Sugarcane Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Kaiyuan,Yunnan 661699)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所/云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,云南开远661699

出　　处：《中国糖料》2021年第1期17-22,共6页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(2018ZC001-2);云南省自然科学基金青年项目(2018FD129)资助。

摘　　要：宿根蔗机械化收获造成蔗区土壤理化特性和生物学性能改变,甘蔗地下芽库生长发育和后期出苗受到影响,最终导致甘蔗产量降低、品质下降。本研究以机收对宿根蔗地下芽库构成及萌发的影响为切入点,采用两种收获方式(机收和人工收获)为主区,5个甘蔗品种(“ROC”22、GT32、YZ05-51、FN39和YT93-159)为副区,在大田条件下连续3年研究收获方式对土壤紧实度、宿根蔗地下芽库数量和萌发成苗的影响。主要研究结果如下:机收能显著增加土壤紧实度,在10 cm和20 cm土壤深度条件下,3年宿根甘蔗机械收获土壤紧实度较人工收获分别增加了72%~200%和41%~155%;随宿根年限的增加,人工和机收处理,甘蔗地下芽库数量呈相反的变化趋势,人工收获呈增加趋势,而机收呈降低趋势,第3年宿根人工收获条件下地下芽库总数量为178个/m^2,显著高于机械收获的92个/m^2;地下芽库数量及萌发率与宿根发株成苗量呈显著正相关,表明机收处理下的宿根蔗成苗量更依赖地下芽库的萌发率。Mechanical operation in the ratoon crop changed the physical characteristics,chemical characteristics and biological properties of soil in the sugarcane region,which reduced the yield and quality by affecting the sprouting of underground bud bank and the growth of shoots in ratoon crop.The impact of harvesting operation on UBB and its germination/sprouting,and traits that were relative to UBB include soil compaction were studied through field experiments.Field experiments were conducted using split-plot design,harvesting treatments(manual and mechanical harvesting)were treated as main factor plots,and 5 sugarcane cultivars("ROC"22,GT32,YZ05-51,FN39 and YT93-159)were treated as subplot factor.The results showed that as compared with manual harvesting(MH),soil compaction was significantly greater under small-scale mechanical harvesting(SMH).Compared with MH,soil compaction on the soil depth of 10 cm and 20 cm increased by 72%-200%and 41%-155%in the 3 years under SMH.With increased ratoon crops,UBB in both treatments were in contrary trends,which increased under MH,while declined under SMH.The total number of UBB in the third year under MH was 178/m^2,which was significantly higher than SMH(92/m^2).Significant correlations between the amount of UBB and their sprouting indicated the number of seedlings in ratoon crop relied much more heavily on the germination of UBB under SMH.

关 键 词：甘蔗 宿根 机械收获 人工收获 机械压实 地下芽库 成苗 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]