施氮对农田生态系统糖料及粮食作物群体微环境的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Microclimate of Sugar Crops and Grain Crops in Agro-ecosystem

作　　者：陈居田 朱利霞 李俐俐 CHEN Jutian;ZHU Lixia;LI Lili(College of Life Science and Agronomy,Zhoukou Normal University,Zhoukou,Henan 466001)

机构地区：[1]周口师范学院生命科学与农学学院,河南周口466001

出　　处：《中国糖料》2021年第1期57-61,共5页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0300704);周口师范学院高层人才启动项目(ZKNUC2018012)资助。

摘　　要：围绕近年来氮肥在主要粮食作物和糖料作物上的应用展开综述。从两大类作物施用氮肥对作物冠层温度、株间相对湿度、地面空气温度、光合性能及作物产量的影响进行分析,分析发现适量施氮可以降低作物冠层温度,增加株间相对湿度,降低地面空气温度,增加作物光合性能,为获得较高产量提供有利的外部环境条件。合理施氮可以缓解作物个体间氮素的竞争,从而增加作物产量。由于土壤肥力的不同,氮肥施用时间适当前移或后移均可提高作物产量。施氮量过少或过多均不利于农田微环境的改善,也不利于作物产量的提高。同时针对目前作物群体微环境的研究中存在的不足,对今后的研究工作做出一定的展望。This paper focused on the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the major grains and sugar crops based on the application of nitrogen fertilizer in recent years.The effects on the canopy temperature,the relative humidity in rows,air temperature,the photosynthetic properties and yields of grain crops and sugar crops were summarized.It found that appropriate nitrogen application could reduce the canopy temperature and the air temperature,and increase the relative humidity in rows and the photosynthetic properties of crops,which provided favorable external environmental conditions for higher yields.In addition,rational nitrogen fertilization could alleviate the competition of nitrogen between individual plants,which also contributed to higher crop yields.Advancing or postponing nitrogen application could increase crop yields according to the different soil fertility.However,insufficient or excess nitrogen fertilization was not helpful for the improvement of microclimate and crop yields.Finally,the deficiency of the research at present was mentioned and paths for the future were put forward.

关 键 词：糖料作物 粮食作物 甘蔗 甜菜 玉米 氮肥 微环境 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学] S566