我国甜玉米产业发展现状、问题与对策  

Current Production Status,Problem and Countermeasure on Sweet Corn Industry in China

作　　者：李坤[1,2] 黄长玲 LI Kun;HUANG Changling(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]作物分子育种国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国糖料》2021年第1期67-71,共5页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“利用联合连锁分析剖析玉米茎秆细胞壁组分及消化品质性状遗传基础”(31801367)资助。

摘　　要：甜玉米作为一种特用玉米已被消费者广泛接受。本文综述了甜玉米的生理特性及遗传研究特性和品种选育情况,指出我国甜玉米产业存在的问题是:种质基础狭隘,基础研究不足;优质多抗广适品种缺乏,品种类型单一;缺少具有竞争力的甜玉米种子品牌。提出甜玉米产业的发展要点及相应对策:⑴引进耐寒、耐热、多抗、优质的甜玉米种质资源及基础材料的创建工作,综合应用分子生物学、生物信息学等手段,深入研究甜度、果皮厚度等品质密切相关性状的遗传与生理生化调控机理,探讨品质相关代谢物在代谢网络之间的关系。⑵以选育高产优质、多抗广适、风味独特的甜玉米品种为目标,创建来源广泛的优质基础选系群体,集成分子标记辅助选择、双单倍体、基因编辑、转基因等先进技术手段加快育种选择速度,建立商品品质、营养品质、加工品质与产量和农艺性状协调的甜玉米育种技术体系。⑶以国内甜玉米育种优势单位为基础,结合成果转化政策引导科企合作,注重产学研一体化品牌体系的建立,加强优势产区国家地理标志产品保护。As a kind of special corn,sweet corn has been widely accepted by consumers.In this study,we reviewed the physiological and genetic characteristics of sweet corn.It is pointed out that the problems of sweet corn industry in China are as follows:narrow germplasm base and insufficient basic research,lack of high quality varieties and competitive sweet corn seed brand.We also proposed corresponding countermeasures for the development of sweet corn industry:(1)Introduce high cold tolerance,heat tolerance,multi-resistance,high-quality sweet corn germplasm resources and create basic selection population.Comprehensively apply molecular biology,bioinformatics and other means in studies of the genetic,study on physiological and biochemical regulation mechanism of quality related traits such as sweetness,peel thickness,etc,and then investigate the relationship among quality-related metabolites in metabolic network.(2)With the aims of breeding high yield,high quality,multi-resistance,wide adaptability and unique flavor sweet corn varieties,we should create a wide range of basic selection groups,integrate advanced techniques such as molecular marker-assisted selection,double haploid,gene editing and transgene,establish a technical system for sweet maize breeding in which commodity quality,nutritional quality,processing quality,yield and agronomic traits were coordinated.(3)Based on domestic sweet corn breeding top institutions,we should prompt the cooperation between science and enterprises,emphasis on the establishment of integrated brand system,and strengthen the protection of national geographic indications products in competitive production areas.

关 键 词：甜玉米 品种选育 产业发展 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]