马克思相对剩余价值理论再思考——基于广义价值论的分析  

Rethinking Marx's Relative Surplus Value:Analysis Based on the General Theory of Value

作　　者：蔡继明 曹越洋 吴清扬 Cai Jiming;Cao Yueyang;Wu Qingyang(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院,100084

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2020年第6期34-49,共16页Nankai Economic Studies

摘　　要：马克思的相对剩余价值生产是通过资本家追逐超额剩余价值的机制实现的,超额剩余价值生产则是基于马克思劳动生产力与价值量正相关的理论。除了正相关命题外,马克思还同时提出劳动生产力与价值量成反比和不相关命题。本文回顾了我国学术界就这三个命题展开的争论,而根据广义价值论基本原理把正相关命题扩展到整个部门,提出了个体超额价值和部门超额价值两个概念,在与马克思相对剩余价值理论加以比较的基础上,运用具体数据对两种理论进行了经验检验。In Marx's theory,the production of relative surplus value is realized through the mechanism of capitalists chasing extra surplus value.Yet the production of extra surplus value is based on Marx's theory of positive correlation between labor productivity and the magnitude of value.In addition to the positive correlation proposition,Marx also proposes that labor productivity and the magnitude of value are negatively correlated and uncorrelated.This paper reviews the debate on Marx's three propositions and concludes a positive correlation based on the General Theory of Value,which extends the proposition further to the entire department.Accordingly,we propose the concept of individual extra value and departmental extra value.While comparing to Marx's theory of relative surplus value,we empirically test the two theories with the GDP and labor data in China and the United States.

关 键 词：相对剩余价值 超额剩余价值 广义价值论 劳动生产力 价值决定 

分 类 号：F014.39[经济管理—政治经济学]