全自动单摆式蔬菜钵苗取喂苗系统研制  

Development of automatic single pendulum vegetable pot seedling picking and feeding system

作　　者：刘念聪[1] 杨程文 刘保林 蒋浩 吴圣红 黄浩 Liu Niancong;Yang Chengwen;Liu Baolin;Jiang Hao;Wu Shenghong;Huang Hao(The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学核技术与自动化工程学院,成都610059

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第22期87-95,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：成都市科技局产业牵引工程项目(2015-NY02-00285-NC);四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2019YFG0358)。

摘　　要：为实现蔬菜钵苗高效、稳定移栽,在分析现有全自动移栽机取喂苗系统研究现状的基础上,该研究提出了一种全自动单摆式取喂苗系统。该系统通过苗盘输送机构、纵移机构实现穴苗盘在倾斜平面内的移位,采用往复机构和夹苗机构实现取苗、喂苗。对夹苗机构等关键机构进行参数设计和运动学分析,确定了其结构参数。综合考虑影响取喂苗性能的相关因素,以苗株种类、基质含水率、取苗深度和工作气压为试验参数,以取苗成功率和苗株完整率为评价指标,在双行移栽、90株/min取苗效率下进行多因素正交试验。试验结果表明,苗株基质含水率对取苗成功率和完整率影响最大,贡献率分别为58.92%和50.58%,其次是取苗深度;当苗株为辣椒苗,基质含水率35%,取苗深度40 mm,气缸工作气压为0.6 MPa时,取喂苗效果最佳,取苗成功率为98.61%,苗株完整率为97.22%。研究结果可为移栽机的机构优化及自动化控制提供理论参考。Plug seedlings can be used to alleviate the negative effect of severe weather on crops production,further to achieve high and stable yield,and improve land utilization.At present in China,semi-automatic transplanting machines are mainly used with low degree of automation and high labor intensity.The mechanized operation of automatic transplanter can reduce the influence of human factors,and improve the overall benefits,indicating a main trend in current development of agricultural planting mechanization.The seedling feeding system is the crucial part of an automatic transplanter.Most previous studies focused on various schemes,such as clamping,ejection,insertion,and pneumatic type.Different types of automatic transplanting machines have also been developed,however,there are still some problems,including the high seedling damage rate,low seedling retrieval efficiency,and relatively low adaptability to seedling plants.This study proposed an automatic symmetrical simple pendulum-type seedling system,mainly composed of the seedling plate conveying,longitudinal moving,rotating,reciprocating,seedling mechanism,and power control system.Kinematics analysis was performed on the reciprocating,rotating and seedling mechanism,and the structural parameters of each key mechanism were determined.The key mechanisms of seedling retrieval system were driven by stepping motors and cylinders that controlled by FN 2N-32MT.In order to explore the effects of various parameters on the performance of seedlings in the design of test plan,the seedling efficiency was tested at 90 plants/min,and the test parameters were selected,including the seedling species,substrate moisture content,seedling depth and working pressure.A multi-objective orthogonal test was carried out,where the success rate and the seedling integrity rate,were taken as the evaluation indicators of seedling transplanter system.The experimental results showed that the moisture content had the greatest influence on the seedling success rate of seedling extraction,and the seed

关 键 词：农业机械 移栽 自动控制 取喂苗系统 全自动移栽机 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]