旱寒区输水渠道防渗抗冻胀研究进展与前沿  

Research progresses and frontiers in anti-seepage and anti-frost heave of canals in cold-arid regions

作　　者：王正中[1,2,3] 江浩源 王羿 刘铨鸿[1,2] 葛建锐 Wang Zhengzhong;Jiang Haoyuan;Wang Yi;Liu Quanhong;Ge Jianrui(Research Center of Cold and Arid Regions Water Engineering Safety,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,CAS,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区寒区水工程安全研究中心,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第22期120-132,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“水资源高效开发利用”重点专项(2017YFC0405103);国家自然科学基金项目(U2003108;51279168);冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLFSE201801)。

摘　　要：渠道在农业灌溉和长距离调水工程中作为首选输水形式发挥着重要的作用。但因旱寒区输水渠道渗漏与冻胀互为因果形成恶性循环,导致渠道渗漏、冻胀、隆起、架空、失稳滑塌等冻融老化破坏普遍且严重,直接影响工程输水效率及渠道的安全运行与效益发挥。该研究着重从探究渠道冻融破坏机理而进行的室内试验和现场原型监测、工程力学模型、水-热-力耦合数值模型及防渗抗冻胀技术等方面论述了旱寒区输水渠道防渗抗冻胀的研究进展;在此基础上,指出了太阳辐射、冻融、盐渍化等复杂环境及冬季输水、水位骤降等运行工况下的渠道多场耦合破坏机理及相应的多场耦合数值模型、衬砌-冻土相互作用模型、失效准则与设计方法、防渗抗冻胀措施标准化及渠道灾变过程与防控技术等渠道防渗抗冻胀有待研究的问题和难点;探讨了完善和提升旱寒区渠道防渗抗冻胀的设计理论与方法、建立全生命周期内的灾变链动态演变预警模型等未来发展方向及趋势,为旱寒区输水渠道工程科学设计与安全高效运行提供指导。Canals,as the preferred form of water conveyance,play an important role in the agricultural irrigation and long-distance water diversion projects in arid regions.However,the arid regions are mainly distributed in the seasonal permafrost regions in China,namely arid-cold regions.Due to the interaction between the canal seepage and frost heave,the freeze-thaw aging damages are more severe and common.The field investigation shows that the failure forms of canals include seepage,swelling,uplift,overhead,instability and collapse,and limit the safe operation and performance of canals seriously.In this study,the research progresses of the theories and technologies of anti-seepage and anti-frost heave for canals in arid-cold areas were summarized.Firstly,the mechanism of freeze-thaw failure and failure mode for canals was analyzed by indoor unit experiments,model experiments and field monitoring.Secondly,the engineering mechanical models of canal frost heaving failure were introduced based on limit equilibrium theory,such as material mechanics model and elastic mechanics model.Thirdly,multi-field coupling numerical models were developed including coupled heat-mechanics model,heat-water-mechanics model and the interaction model between frozen soil and canal lining.Lastly,the development processes of anti-seepage and anti-frost heave technologies for canals were expounded from four aspects:1)the thermal insulation and preservation technologies against the external low temperature on soil and heat loss;2)the anti-seepage and drainage technologies to reduce water content and water migration in soil;3)soil replacement with sand or gravel technologies;4)force release technologies by section structure optimization.With the increase of canal scale and upgrading demand for disrepair canals in harsh environment,the frost heaving failure mode was complex.The research frontiers and technical difficulties in this study mainly included:1)the multi-field coupling failure mechanism and failure mode in the complex environment,such as sol

关 键 词：渠道 模型 旱寒区 防渗抗冻胀 多场耦合 设计理论 

分 类 号：TV91[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV672