添加残次苹果发酵物对稻草青贮品质及其微生物数量的影响  

Effects of adding defective apple fermentation in rice straw on quality and microbial numbers of mixed silage

作　　者：艾琪 蒋慧[1,2] 郭睿 蒋涛 苏华维[3,4] Ai Qi;Jiang Hui;Guo Rui;Jiang Tao;Su Huawei(College of Animal Science,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology,Alar 843300,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学学院,阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木畜牧科技兵团重点实验室,阿拉尔843300 [3]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [4]动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第22期316-323,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260562);教育部基本科研业务费-对口支援科研合作基金项目(2019TC156);兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室项目(HS201701);中国农业大学-塔里木大学联合基金项目(ZNLH201902)

摘　　要：为了探讨添加残次苹果发酵物改善稻草的青贮品质及其适宜添加比例,该研究按残次苹果发酵物和稻草质量比为全部为稻草(Ⅰ)、1∶9(Ⅱ)、3∶7(Ⅲ)、5∶5(Ⅳ)、7∶3(Ⅴ)、9∶1(Ⅵ)混合进行青贮。青贮90 d后开封,测定青贮前后的营养成分,鉴定青贮饲料的感官品质、发酵品质以及有氧暴露情况下pH值和微生物数量的变化。结果表明,添加残次苹果发酵物显著提高青贮原料的粗蛋白(Crude Protein,CP)和可溶性碳水化合物(Water Soluble Carbohydrate,WSC)的含量(P<0.05),降低了原料的中性洗涤纤维(Neutral Detergent Fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(Acid Detergent Fiber,ADF)的含量(P<0.05);青贮90 d天后,混合青贮饲料的乳酸(Lactate Acid,LA)、乙酸(Acetic Acid,AA)含量随着残次苹果发酵物添加量的增加而增加;处理Ⅰ的LA(0.17%)、AA(0.09%)含量显著低于其他5个处理(P<0.05),而丁酸(Butyric Acid,BA)含量、AN/TN(Ammonia Nitrogen Total Nitrogen)的比值显著高于其他5个处理(P<0.05);有氧暴露后,随着有氧暴露时间的延长,各处理的pH值、酵母菌数量、霉菌数量逐渐增多,乳酸菌数量逐渐减少;处理Ⅰ的乳酸菌数量始终显著低于其他各处理(P<0.05),酵母菌和霉菌数量始终显著高于其他各处理(P<0.05);而处理Ⅲ、Ⅳ的乳酸菌数量始终显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),酵母菌和霉菌数量始终保持较低水平。未添加残次苹果发酵物处理Ⅰ的感官评分和综合评分均为劣等,添加残次苹果发酵物的稻草青贮处理Ⅲ和处理Ⅳ的感官评分和综合评分均为优等;同时添加残次苹果发酵物增加了混贮的营养价值,改善了混贮的发酵品质。综合分析,在试验中添加残次苹果发酵物能改善稻草的青贮品质,其添比例在3∶7~5∶5之间适宜。This study aims to fully use the defective apple as rice straw resources in Xinjiang, China. Three lactic acid bacteria in different proportion were added to the defective apple, and fermented for more than 1 month to obtain the defective apple fermentation. Then, an investigation was made to evaluate whether the addition of defective apple fermentation can improve the fermentation quality of rice straw, particularly on an appropriate addition proportion. Mixed silage was carried out according to the weight ratio of defective apple fermentation and rice straw at all in straw(Ⅰ), 1:9(Ⅱ), 3:7(Ⅲ), 5:5(Ⅳ), 7:3(Ⅴ), and 9:1(Ⅵ), and 3 replicates for each group, then they were fermented for 90 days. The pH value was measured by an acidometer, while the Dry Matter(DM) by dried at 105 ℃, Crude Protein(CP) by Kjeldahl method, Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF), and the Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF) were determined, Water-Soluble Carbohydrates(WSC) were determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were determined by chromatographic method, and NH3-N was determined by phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method. The results showed that the addition of defective apple fermentation products improved the quality of mixed silage. The contents of CP and WSC in a rice straw increased significantly(P < 0.05). After 90 days of silage, the Lactic Acid(LA) contents from group Ⅰ to Ⅵ was 0.17%, 0.85%, 1.95%, 2.43%, 2.67%, and 2.71%. Acetic Acid(AA) contents from group Ⅰ to Ⅵ was 0.09%, 0.32%, 0.43%, 0.74%, 0.78%, and 0.85%, respectively. The contents of LA and AA increased with the increase of defective apple fermentation, and obviously lower in group Ⅰ(without defective apple fermentation) than other groups(P < 0.05). The Butyric Acid(BA) content from group Ⅰ to Ⅵ was 0.22% 0.08%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0.09%, and 0.11%. NH3-N/TN from group Ⅰ to Ⅵ was 16.28%, 8.35%, 3.01%, 2.94%, 2.66%, and 2.58%, respectively. The BA, NH3-N/TN and p H value decreas

关 键 词：饲料 发酵 残次苹果发酵物 稻草 发酵品质 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]