大理河流域淤地坝拦沙贡献率分析  

Analysis on the Contribution Rate of Sediment Reduction of Check Dams in Dali River Basin

作　　者：杨媛媛[1] 李占斌[1,2] 高海东[1] 刘蓓蕾 朱大为 YANG Yuanyuan;LI Zhanbin;GAO Haidong;LIU Beilei;ZHU Dawei(State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Area, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi ’an 710048;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company Construction Branch, Xi’an 710075)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地,西安710048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]国网陕西省电力公司建设分公司,西安710075

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2021年第1期85-89,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877077);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402404)。

摘　　要：为提高淤地坝拦沙贡献率的计算精度,揭示淤地坝拦沙量对流域输沙量减少的作用。以大理河流域为研究对象,提出一种基于GIS和土壤侵蚀模数的淤地坝逐年拦沙量计算方法,分析大理河流域淤地坝拦沙量对流域出口输沙量减少的贡献率。结果表明:(1)1954—2011年,大理河流域淤地坝逐年拦沙量呈波动式增加,多年平均拦沙量为0.12亿t,累积拦沙量为7.17亿t,其中1980—1989年年均拦沙量最高,为0.19亿t。(2)1960—2015年,大理河流域输沙量呈显著减少趋势,且在1971年和2002年均发生显著突变(P<0.05)。(3)人类活动是大理河流域输沙量减少的主要原因,1971—2001年淤地坝拦沙量占人类活动减少输沙量的贡献率为47.42%;随着流域植被恢复,2002—2011年淤地坝拦沙量占人类活动减少输沙量的贡献率降至31.04%。该方法对评价大理河流域淤地坝拦沙贡献率有一定的指导意义。2000年以后,由于植被恢复,大理河流域淤地坝拦沙贡献率下降。In order to improve the calculation accuracy of the contribution rate of check dams and reveal the effect of check dams on the reduction of sediment discharge in watershed.Taking Dali river basin as the research object,we developed a method based on integrated GIS and soil erosion model to calculate the annual sediment deposition of check dams.The results showed that:(1)From 1954 to 2011,the sediment reduction in check dams increased in a fluctuant way year by year,and the average and cumulative capacity were 0.12×108 t and 7.17×108 t respectively.In the period of 1980—1989,the average sediment reduction in check dams reached up to 0.19×108 t.(2)The sediment discharge of Dali river were significantly reduced in 1960-2015,and had significant mutations in both 1971 and 2002(P<0.05).(3)Human activity was the main reason for sediment reducing in Dali river watershed,the contribution of sediment reduction in check dams were 47.42%in 1971-2001,while declined to 31.04%in 2002-2011 with the restoration of vegetation in Dali river watershed.The method we proposed was helpful for evaluating the contribution rate of sediment reduction of check dams in Dali river basin.After 2000,the contribution rate decreased in Dali river basin due to vegetation restoration in this area.

关 键 词：大理河 人类活动 输沙量 淤地坝 拦沙贡献率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]