黄河三角洲盐渍化荒地种植植物对土壤改良、磷形态转化及有效性的影响  

Effect of Different Plants Plantation on Amelioration of Uncultivated Saline Wasteland,Soils Phosphorus Fraction and Availability in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：刘盛林[1] 丁效东[2] 郑东峰[1] 石宁 刘国利 孙泽强[1] LIU Shenglin;DING Xiaodong;ZHENG Dongfeng;SHI Ning;LIU Guoli;SUN Zeqiang(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Shandong), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100;College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109;Agricultural Integrated Service Station of Xiaobaotou in Wudi County, Binzhou, Shandong 251911)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业部山东耕地保育科学观测试验站,济南250100 [2]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [3]山东省无棣县小泊头镇农业综合服务站,山东滨州251911

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2021年第1期278-284,293,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：NSFC山东联合基金项目(U1806215);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2018E03);山东省大科学计划项目(20190103);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2017CXGC0301)。

摘　　要：为了明确种植不同植物对黄河三角洲盐渍化荒地改良效果、土壤磷形态转化及增效调控机制,研究了在生长芦苇的盐渍化荒地改变种植植物(柽柳、白蜡、苜蓿)的改良措施对土壤磷形态转化及有效含量的影响。结果表明:与荒地芦苇相比,3种植物种植均能显著提高0—20 cm土壤磷酸酶活性,柽柳种植显著降低0—20 cm土壤pH,促进0—20 cm土壤大颗粒团聚体形成,提高0—40 cm土壤有机碳含量,显著增加0—100 cm土壤盐渍化程度,促使土壤速效磷(Ca2—P)和缓效磷(Ca8—P和Al—P)向难溶性磷(Ca10—P)的转化,导致土壤磷有效性降低;白蜡种植显著降低0—100 cm土壤盐渍化程度及60—100 cm土壤pH,0—20 cm土壤小颗粒团聚体比例增加,0—40 cm土壤有机碳含量显著降低,促进土壤难溶性磷(O—P)向缓效磷(Fe—P)转化,有利于土壤磷有效性提高;苜蓿种植显著增加0—20 cm土壤有效磷含量,提高0—20 cm土壤磷酸酶活性,促进难溶性磷(O—P)、缓效磷(Ca8—P和Al—P)向速效磷的转化,0—20 cm土壤大颗粒团聚体比例增加有利于提升土壤磷有效性,其60—100 cm土壤pH增加不利于土壤磷的有效性提高;3种植物种植后土壤微生物量碳和微生物量磷显著降低,微生物量氮显著增加,土壤呼吸强度及脲酶活性均无显著变化。综上所述,白蜡种植最有利于降低土壤盐渍化程度和pH,苜蓿种植最有利于0—20 cm土壤磷有效性的提高,3种植物种植对20—100 cm土壤磷有效性无显著促进作用。由于3种植物对盐渍荒地改良时间较短,土壤微生物种群动态变化及对土壤磷形态转化过程及调控机制尚需深入研究。In order to identify the amelioration of uncultivated saline wasteland,transformation of phosphorus(P)fraction after different plants plantation in the Yellow River Delta,we investigated the dynamics of P fractions and availability after the uncultivated saline wasteland with reed(RU)was reclaimed by plantation of Chinese tamarisk(CT),Chinese ash(CA)and clover(C).Results showed that the phosphatase activity of 0—20 cm soil were significantly increased by 3 plants plantation compared with RU.CT plantation significantly decreased soil pH of 0—20 cm soil,while it significantly increased soil organic carbon(SOC)concentration of 0—40 cm soil and promoted the formation of large size aggregate particles of 0—20 cm soil,but it significantly increased soil salinity of 0—100 cm soil and accelerated transformation of P fractions from soluble P(Ca2—P)or slowly soluble P(Ca8—P and Al—P)to insoluble P(Ca10—P)that reduced P availability.CA plantation could significantly decrease soil salinity of 0—100 cm soil and pH of 60—100 cm soil,while it accelerated transformation of P fractions from insoluble P(O—P)to slowly soluble P(Fe—P),but it increased ratio of small size aggregate particles of 0—20 cm soil and decreased SOC concentration of 0—40 cm soil that were beneficial to improve P availability.C plantation could significantly increase soil available P concentration of 0—20 cm soil with improved soil phosphatase activity of 0—20 cm soil which was much higher than those of other 3 plants.While it accelerated transformation of P fractions from insoluble P(O—P)or slowly soluble P(Ca8—P and Al—P)to soluble P with accelerated formation of large size aggregate particles of 0—20 cm soil.Soil microbial nitrogen was significantly increased by plantation of CT,CA and C,but soil microbial carbon and soil microbial phosphorus were significantly decreased.No significant difference was observed on soil respiration and urase activity.In this study,Chinese ash plantation could decrease soil salinity an

关 键 词：盐渍化荒地 磷有效性 磷形态 磷酸酶活性 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]