制度嵌入生活:农村贫困女性减贫的本土实践及反思——源于“扶贫车间”的案例考察  

Institutional Embeddedness in Life:Local Practice and Reflection on Poverty Reduction of Rural Poverty-stricken Women:A Case Study of“Poverty Alleviation Workshop”

作　　者：苏海 SU Hai(School of Society and Law, Shandong Women's University, Jinan 250300, China)

机构地区：[1]山东女子学院社会与法学院,山东济南250300

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期73-80,共8页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“精准扶贫体系中农村贫困女性的行动角色与减贫路径研究”(17CSH036)阶段成果。

摘　　要：动员和组织农村贫困和留守女性参与到精准扶贫之中,能更好地提高减贫效率和减贫质量。既有研究对女性参与减贫的制度设计和生活空间关注度不够,对性别主体性的实践形式缺少细致分析。“扶贫车间”作为精准扶贫体系中的微观制度创新,从“自上而下的外部动员式嵌入,贴近女性生活的内部需求式嵌入,融合各方力量的集体协同式嵌入”三个层面,打通了女性“家庭—工作—社区”三种生活空间的区隔,重构了贫困女性的生计框架,促进了女性的自我和社会认同。女性减贫又促进了减贫目标的达成和社区治理结构的改善,贡献了“性别红利”,二者呈现出互嵌共促的态势。当然,在实际运行过程中,扶贫制度与贫困女性生活之间也存在一些张力,女性多元发展需求和制度供给之间的匹配度还不高,需要在农村发展的各项制度设计及执行中更好地尊重女性体验,关注女性的日常生活与发展实践,有效提升二者的契合度。Mobilizing and organizing rural poverty-stricken and left-behind women to participate in targeted poverty alleviation can better improve the efficiency and quality of poverty reduction.The existing studies pay insufficient attention to the institutional design and living space of women's participation in poverty reduction and lack a detailed analysis of the practice of gender subjectivity.Poverty alleviation workshop as a micro-institutional innovation in the targeted poverty alleviation system,through the top-down embeddedness of external mobilization,female-friendly embeddedness of internal needs and collective embeddedness of integrating all parties,has broken the separation of the three living spaces of the women in the aspects of“family,work and community”,reconstructed the livelihood framework of the poor women,promoted women's self and social identity.In turn,female poverty reduction has promoted the achievement of poverty reduction targets and the improvement of community-based governance structure,and contributed to the“gender dividend”,which shows a trend of mutual embeddedness and co-promotion.Of course,in the actual operative process,there are some tensions between the poverty alleviation institution and the poverty-stricken women's life.The matching degree between women's diversified development needs and the institutional supply is not high.It is necessary to better respect women's experience in various institutional designs and practices for rural development,and pay attention to women's daily life and actual development so as to effectively improve the compatibility between the two.

关 键 词：贫困女性 制度 生计 减贫 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]