基于GNSS水准和重力场误差特性的大地水准面精度评估方法  

Accuracy assessment method of geoid based on GNSS-leveling and gravity field error characteristics

作　　者：章传银[1] 马旭[2] 章磊[2] 丁剑[1] ZHANG Chuanyin;MA Xu;ZHANG Lei;DING Jian(Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China;National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Surveying and Mapping Products, Beijing 100036, China)

机构地区：[1]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100036 [2]国家测绘产品质量检验测试中心,北京100036

出　　处：《测绘学报》2021年第1期12-17,共6页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFB0505700)。

摘　　要：缺乏有效的大地水准面成果精度评估方法,是高程基准现代化及其成果应用面临的关键问题。本文基于GNSS水准高程异常与重力场频域误差特性,研究GNSS水准与重力地面高程异常融合的技术要求,进而提出一种大地水准面成果的误差表达与精度评估方法。经示例测试分析,得出主要结论如下:①实用地面高程异常(即融合后的似大地水准面)精度,应采用随距离非线性变化的高程异常差误差曲线表达;②似大地水准面的精度评估,推荐采用两项误差指标和两条误差曲线共4个要素完整表达,即重力地面高程异常差误差、实用地面高程异常内部误差、实用地面高程异常差误差曲线与GNSS水准高程异常差误差曲线;③当两个GNSS水准点间距离接近或小于所有GNSS水准点平均间距时,GNSS水准高程异常对实用地面高程异常的贡献起主要作用;④较大空间尺度的实用地面高程异常精度主要依靠重力地面高程异常控制。The lack of an effective accuracy assessment method of geoid is a key problem in the modernization of height datum and its application.In this paper,according to the error characteristics of GNSS-leveling height anomaly and gravity field in frequency domain,the technical requirements for the fusion of GNSS-leveling and gravity height anomaly are studied.Furthermore,a method of error expression and accuracy evaluation of geoid is proposed.Through the example test and analysis,the main conclusions are as follows:①The accuracy of the fused height anomaly should be expressed by the error curve of height anomaly difference varying with the distance.②For accuracy assessment of quasigeoid,two error indicators and two error curves are recommended,namely,the error of gravity height anomaly difference,the internal error of the fused height anomaly,the error curve of the fused height anomaly difference and the error curve of GNSS-levelling height anomaly difference.③When the distance between two terrestrial points is close to or less than the average distance between GNSS leveling points,GNSS-levelling height anomaly plays a major role in the contribution of the fused height anomaly.④The accuracy of the fused height anomaly in large scale is mainly controlled by gravity height anomaly.

关 键 词：GNSS水准 地面高程异常 误差特性 精度评估 

分 类 号：P223[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]