速度节奏对链球成绩的影响:优秀运动员案例研究  

The Impact of Speed Rhythm on Hammer Throw Distance:A Case Study of an Elite Athlete

作　　者：李翰君[1] 刘嘉 叶奎刚 于冰 刘卉 LI Han-jun;LIU Jia;YE Kui-gang;YU Bing;LIU Hui(School of Sports Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Former Bayi Track and Field(Orienteering)Team of the Military Sports Training Center,Beijing 100091,China;Department of Physical Therapy,School of Medicine,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7135,USA;Institute of Sports and Health Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]军事体育训练中心原八一田径(定向越野)队,北京100091 [3]北卡罗莱纳大学医学院物理治疗部,美国北卡罗来纳州教堂山27599-7135 [4]北京体育大学中国运动与健康研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2020年第9期108-115,共8页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：中国田径协会备战东京奥运会科技助力服务项目(项目编号:2019TJ018,2020TJ02008)。

摘　　要：目的:球头旋转节奏是影响链球出手速度和投掷成绩的重要因素,通过对一名优秀女子链球运动员实际比赛中球头速度与成绩之间的相关分析和随机模拟分析,确定球头每圈旋转最低点的速度与投掷成绩的关系,并通过比赛中球头速度变化和成绩变化验证分析的结果。方法:采集一名优秀女子链球运动员2019年3次全国比赛中所有成功试投动作的三维运动学数据。应用前2次比赛数据确定球头低点速度和投掷成绩(均小于75 m)的相关关系,并通过随机模拟确定提高成绩到75 m以上所需要的球头低点速度。第3次比赛的数据用来验证。结果:该名运动员的球头低点速度和出手速度均与成绩相关(R2≥0.6858,P≤0.011,高度相关,Power≥0.756)。第2低点球头速度与成绩相关最高(R2=0.8480,P=0.001,高度相关,Power=0.949)。当第2低点球头速度增加到23.50 m/s时,随机模拟每1000次试投中成绩在75 m以上试投的概率为0.168。验证表明,第3次比赛中成绩为76.26 m的试投中的低点球速、出手速度和成绩均在相应的模拟值加减一个标准差的范围内。结论:1)适当改变速度节奏可以提高链球投掷成绩。2)在体能和其他条件不变的情况下,生物力学随机模型可以预测改变速度节奏对成绩的影响。Hammer head speeds during rotations have significant effects on release speed and official distance in hammer throw.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing hammer head speeds at low points of rotations on release speed and official distance for an individual hammer thrower.Three-dimensional coordinate data of an elite woman hammer thrower were obtained from three competitions in 2019.Hammer head speeds at low points and at release in each trial were reduced.The statistical relationships among hammer head speed at low points of rotation and at release and official distance were established using the data in the first two competitions in which official distances were all below 75 m.A stochastic biomechanical model of hammer throw was developed using the established statistical relationships.The means and standard deviations of hammer head speeds at low points of rotation and at release of throws with official distances over 75 m were obtained through computer simulation using the stochastic biomechanical model.The simulated results were verified using the data from the throw with official distance over 75 m in the third competition.The hammer head speeds at low points of rotations and at release were significantly correlated with official distance(R^2≥0.6858,P≤0.011,strong correlation,Power≥0.756).Hammer head speed at the low point of the second rotation had the highest correlation with official stance(R^2=0.8480,P=0.001,strong correlation,Power=0.949).When hammer head speed at the low point of the second rotation was increased to 23.50 m/s,the probability of throw distance above 75 m was 0.168.The hammer head speeds at low points of rotations and at release in the actual throw with official distance over 75 m were within 1 standard deviations from the means of the corresponding estimated values.The results of this study demonstrate that increasing hammer head speeds at low points can increase official distance,and that the stochastic biomechanical model developed in this study was

关 键 词：链球 生物力学随机模型 球头速度 投掷成绩 

分 类 号：G824.4[文化科学—体育训练]