学位管理权能的划分模式及其优化逻辑  

The Division Mode and Optimization Logic of Degree Management Power

作　　者：魏文松 龚向和[2] WEI Wen-song;GONG Xiang-he(不详)

机构地区：[1]东南大学人权研究院 [2]东南大学法学院,南京211189

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2021年第1期85-95,共11页University Education Science

基　　金：2019年教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“新时代公平优质受教育权:教育平衡充分发展的国家义务研究”(19YJA820012);2020年东南大学人文社科重大引导项目“我国学位制度的基本理论与司法实践研究”(2242020S10001);2020年江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“紧急状态下公民受教育权的限制与保障研究”(KYCX20_0067)。

摘　　要：学位管理涉及学位授权审核、学位资格认证、学位授予以及学位撤销等诸多环节,相关主体的权能划分是影响学位制度实施效果与高等教育价值实现的关键因素。从规范层面来看,我国《教育法》第23条、《高等教育法》第22条、《学位条例》第7、8条共同构成了学位管理权能划分的规范体系,“两级构造”是法律条款所呈现的权能划分模式。从实践层面来看,学位管理权能划分的裁量治理逾越了法制框架,过往的十二次学位授权审核以及相关政策改变了既定的划分模式,“三维递进”是实践调试所呈现的权能划分模式。综合来看,两种权能划分模式都不足以应对学位管理的实践议题,并呈现出一定的现实张力。为此,我国学位管理体制应当提倡“多元共治”的权能划分模式。具体而言,学位管理权能划分的优化逻辑包括:以“多元共治”作为学位管理体制改革的基本理念、推动国家学位制度转向大学学位制度、明晰省级学位委员会的统筹调控地位、进一步强化学位授予单位的自治权限、促进社会组织参与学位管理体制运行。Degree management involves many links such as degree authorization review,degree qualification certification,degree award,and degree revocation.The powers division of related subjects is a key factor affecting the implementation of the degree system and higher education value,which requires great care.From a normative perspective,Article 23 of Education Law,Article 22 of Higher Education Law,and Articles 7 and 8 of Degree Regulations together constitute a normative system for the division of degree management powers.The two-level structure is the mode of power and function division presented by the legal provisions.From a practical perspective,the discretionary governance of the division of degree management powers has exceeded the legal framework.The twelve degree authorization reviews and related policies have changed the established division mode.Three dimensional progression is the power division mode presented by practical debugging.On the whole,the two power division models are not sufficient to deal with the practical issues of degree management and present a certain realistic tension.For this reason,the power division mode of multiple co-governance should be promoted.Specifically,the optimization logic of the division of degree management powers includes:taking multiple co-governance as the basic concept of degree management system reform,promoting the transition of the national degree system to the university degree system,clarifying the overall regulation and control status of the provincial degree committee,further strengthening the autonomous authority of the degree grant unit,and promoting the participation of social organizations in the operation of the degree management system.

关 键 词：学位管理 权能划分 裁量治理 现实张力 多元共治 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]