基于Heckman模型的牧户草原流转决策研究  

STUDY ON THE DECISION-MAKING OF HERDSMEN′S GRASSLAND TRANSFER BASED ON HECKMAN MODEL

作　　者：张美艳 张耀启[2] 辛晓平[3] 刘欣超 邵长亮 Zhang Meiyan;Zhang Yaoqi;Xin Xiaoping;Liu Xinchao;Shao Changliang(School of Economics and Management, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China;School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]三明学院经济与管理学院,福建三明365004 [2]美国奥本大学林业与野生动物学院,阿拉巴马州36849 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2020年第12期57-65,共9页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发项目“北方草甸退化草地治理技术与示范”(2016YFC0500600);国家自然科学基金项目“基于全生命周期分析的多尺度草甸草原经营景观碳收支研究”(41771205);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-34);三明学院引进高层次人才科研启动经费(17YG05S)。

摘　　要：[目的]探析草原流转决策的影响因素,从而推动草原有序流转,进而实现牧业提效、牧民增收和牧区的生态安全。[方法]利用锡林郭勒盟209份入户调研数据,使用Heckman模型从牧户流转意愿与流转行为相互依赖的角度研究草原流转的决策问题。[结果]在牧户流转意愿影响因素中,牧户的边际产出对其有促进作用,说明牧户间草原边际产出差距越大越愿意流转;牧户有草原证对其有促进作用,牧户间有草原纠纷对其有抑制作用,说明交易成本越低越愿意流转。在流转意愿影响流转行为的基础上,兼业对草原流转规模影响较大且产生不利影响。兼业户与非兼业户相比,草原流转规模平均缩小41%。[结论]要提升牧户的草原流转意愿,需要拉大牧户间的草原边际产出水平和降低牧户间流转的交易成本;要扩大草原流转规模,需要减少兼业户的数量和规范草原流转价格。通过草原流转市场本身建立起有效的牧业进入与退出机制,以便在城乡之间架起一座桥梁,实现转出牧户的市民化和转入牧户草原畜牧业经营的规模化和现代化。This study explores the influencing factors on the grassland transfer decision to promote orderly grassland transfer and increase efficiency of animal husbandry,income of herdsmen and ecological security of pastoral areas.Using 209 household survey data of Xilin Gol League,the Heckman model was used to investigate the decision-making on grassland transfer from the perspective of the mutual dependence of grassland transfer willingness and transfer behaviors.It was found the marginal output of the grassland and the transaction cost were important factors influencing the willingness of grassland transfer between the herdsmen,suggesting a bigger marginal output gap between households would promote transferring.Having certificates of the land tenure would encourage the transfer.In contrast,having disputes of the land tenure would discourage the transfer,indicating that the lower the transaction cost,the more likely the transfer would take place.Based on the understanding of how transfer willingness influenced transfer behaviors,it was found part-time job would significantly discourage grassland transfer:having part-time job reduced the scale of grassland transfer by 41%compared with no part-time job herders.In summary,to increase the willingness of grassland transfer,it is essential to widen the marginal output level of grassland and reduce the transaction cost of the transfer.To enlarge the transfer scale,it is necessary to reduce the number of herders with part-time job and to standardize the price of grassland transfer.Through the grassland market,an effective mechanism for the entry and exit of grassland husbandry should be established,so that urban and rural areas can be bridged:the transferring-out herders can successfully transit to citizenship and the transferring-in herders are able to increase the scale and modernization of animal husbandry.

关 键 词：草原 流转意愿 流转行为 兼业 Heckman模型 内蒙古 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]