水分胁迫对‘赤霞珠’不同叶龄叶片光合特性的影响  

Effects of water stress on photosynthetic characteristics of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’at different leaf ages

作　　者：史晓敏 刘竞择 张艳霞 陈祖民 郭帅奇 王振平[1] SHI Xiaomin;LIU Jingze;ZHANG Yanxia;CHEN Zumin;GUO Shuaiqi;WANG Zhenping(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;School of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川750021

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第1期50-63,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-29-zp-03);宁夏重大研发项目(2018BBF02015)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究水分胁迫对葡萄不同叶龄叶片光合及荧光变化规律的影响。【方法】以3 a(年)生‘赤霞珠’葡萄(Vitis vinifera‘Cabernet Sauvignon’)为试材,由黎明前叶片水势(ψb)反映胁迫程度,设置对照(无水分胁迫,CK)、中度水分胁迫(T1)和重度水分胁迫(T2)三个处理,测定‘赤霞珠’葡萄新梢不同叶龄叶面积、叶片光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及Ru BP活化酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酯酶活性。【结果】葡萄叶片叶龄为80 d时,叶面积趋于稳定,T2显著降低了各叶龄叶片的面积,T1与CK无显著性差异;葡萄叶片SPAD值随叶龄的增加而增大,且T1增加了各叶龄叶片SPAD值,T2则降低;Pn、Gs、Tr、Ru BP活化酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酯酶活性随葡萄叶片叶龄的增加均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并且随水分胁迫程度的增加下降程度增大;水分胁迫不同程度地降低了各叶龄叶片Fv/Fm、Yield、ETR、q P,而Fo显著增加,T2增加了各叶龄叶片的NPQ,但随着叶龄的增加,T2叶片NPQ又显著低于其他两个处理。【结论】随‘赤霞珠’葡萄叶片叶龄的增加,光合能力呈先上升后下降的趋势,当葡萄叶片叶龄为60~90 d时,光合能力最强。水分胁迫降低了各叶龄叶片的光合效率,重度水分胁迫会阻碍葡萄幼龄叶片的正常发育,并加速老龄叶片的衰老。【Objective】A study was carried out on photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of grape leaves under water stress.Grapes are mainly planted in the arid and semi-arid areas in China.The photosynthetic function of leaves is different in different leaf ages.Therefore,to explore the changes of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of grape leaves at different leaf ages under water stress is of great significance to the water-saving cultivation of grape in China.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in 2018 in a glass greenhouse in Yuquanying Farm of Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Group and the experimental station of the National Grape Industry Technology System.The ranges of temperature in the glass greenhouse was 24-38℃,humidity 38%-58%,and air CO2 concentration 300-500μmol·mol-1.3-year-old‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grape(Vitis vinifera L.)vines were used as the materials.Theψb was measured with a 3005 pressure chamber(Soil Moisture Equipment Company,USA)after water stress treatment,which was carried out on June 20,2018.The daily irrigation time was controlled by a time controller,and theψb was used to reflect the stress degree.During the shoot growth period in mid-April 2018,the first unfolded leaves on the annual branches were marked on April 20,April 30,May 10,May 20 and May 30,and named as Leaf 1,Leaf 2,Leaf 3,Leaf 4 and Leaf 5,respectively.The day(d)was used as the measurement unit of leaf age,and the unfolding date was regarded as the initial leaf age(0 d).By June 20,Leaf 1-5(leaf age 60 d,50 d,40 d,30 d and 20 d).Three water treatments were set including no water stress(CK),moderate water stress(T1),and severe water stress(T2),with water potential range of-0.2 MPa≤ψb,-0.60 MPa≤ψb≤-0.40 MPa andψb≤-0.60 MPa,respectively.Changes in leaf area,leaf photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the activities of Rubisco and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the new shoots of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grape were measured.【Results】There were significant differ

关 键 词：葡萄 水分胁迫 叶龄 光合特性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]