皮肤力学的研究进展  

Advances in skin mechanics

作　　者：周磊 王世斌[1] 李林安[1] 王志勇[1] 李传崴[1] ZHOU Lei;WANG Shibin;LI Linan;WANG Zhiyong;LI Chuanwei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;School of Civil Engineering.Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300350 [2]重庆交通大学土木工程学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《实验力学》2020年第6期955-969,共15页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11972248)资助。

摘　　要：皮肤力学的研究在许多领域是极具应用价值的,如皮肤护理、美容、药物注射、仿生材料的研发等。与常规材料相比,皮肤是一种结构复杂多变的生物材料,其力学模型的研究从早期的经验模型发展到更科学的结构模型,并且考虑了微观组织结构和宏观变形响应之间的联系。为了提高模型的准确性和预测能力,需要提出一些针对性强但更为复杂的材料模型,于是不可避免地增加了未知参数;同时参数的确定也更依赖于实验数据的准确性与多样性。此外,实验方法从早期的离体拉伸测试逐渐发展为以现代先进科学技术为依托的高精度、多尺度、多样性的研究方法。本文针对皮肤力学研究,主要对力学模型、实验方法以及数值仿真等方面的研究进展进行概述。尽管皮肤力学的研究已取得诸多成果,但还存在着多方面的不足,如何准确把握皮肤力学性能并且指导和规范工程实践(如临床应用),仍然是活跃并具有挑战性的研究课题。The study on skin mechanics has a great application value in many fields,such as skin care,cosmetology,drug injection,bionic material development,etc.Compared with conventional materials,skin is a kind of biomaterial with complex and varied structure.There is a great progress on the mechanical models,i.e.,from the previous empirical models to the scientific structural models,where the relationship between micro-structure and macro-deformation response is established.In order to improve the application and prediction ability of the models,it is inevitable to add unknown parameters,and the determination of parameters depends greatly on the accuracy and diversity of experimental data.Besides,the experimental methods have been gradually developed from the previous in vitro tensile tests to the state-of-the-art research methods with high precision,multi-scale,and diversity.In this work,the advances of skin mechanics is summarized,mainly focusing on material models,experimental methods,and numerical simulations.Despite of remarkable achievements made previously,there are still many problems to be solved.How to accurately understand the characteristics of skin mechanics and guide the engineering practice(e.g.clinical application)is still an active and challenging research subject.

关 键 词：生物力学 皮肤 材料模型 实验方法 数值仿真 

分 类 号：U447[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] TU317[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]