转型期中国城市外来人口的身心健康特征与地方差异性机制探析  

Characteristics and Local Mechanism of Migrants’Health in Transitional China

作　　者：程晗蓓 李志刚[1] CHENG Hanbei;LI Zhigang(School of Urban Design,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院

出　　处：《城市与区域规划研究》2020年第1期172-192,共21页Journal of Urban and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771167,41422103)资助。

摘　　要：文章采用2014年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,聚焦北京、深圳、成都、青岛、郑州、厦门、嘉兴和中山八市调研现状,运用描述统计、趋势分析和多层线性模型等计量方法,探讨转型期中国城市外来人口的身心健康水平差异和变化轨迹特征,解析其影响因素与机制。研究表明:第一,中国城市外来人口的身心健康水平具有显著的空间差异,健康轨迹随流动时间变化表现出波动性特征;第二,外来人口的身心健康受个体特征、时空特征和城市行政区(县)特征等共同影响,尤其时空特征和城市行政区(县)特征作用较为突出。例如,建立家庭对外来人口心理健康水平的提高有积极作用;在老家成员中的社会经济地位通过社会比较心理显著影响其身心健康水平,但实际月收入与个体身心健康状况无关。需要注意的是,流动时间与心理、生理健康水平均呈正相关;而迁移距离仅与心理健康水平呈负相关,但与生理健康无直接关联。地区特征中,人均可支配收入和人均消费支出分别对外来人口的生理健康水平产生直接的正面和负面影响。而地区经济特征经过个体受教育水平、户籍类型以及迁移距离等变量的调节作用后,间接影响其心理健康状况。为实现“健康”城市建设,地方政府应着力破除户籍壁垒、消除城乡收入差异,同时倡导短距离迁移下的就近城镇化,提高外来人口的身心健康水平。With a database of the“2014 Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey”of China,this study examined the spatial dynamics of migrants’physical and mental health in China from an analysis of 8 cities.The study showed that:(1)The health condition of migrants in so-called“second-tier”cities was relatively better than that of the“first-tier”cities.The physical and mental health of migrants in Shenzhen were both weaker than those of other cities.(2)Migrants’health fluctuated along with their migration processing.Notably,in the first decade of migration,the status of their mental health improved,yet that of the physical health deteriorated.Migration time and distance,administrative district factors were more closely related to migrants’health than individual factors.For instance,getting married can promote one’s mental health.The economic position perception had profound effects on migrants’health,instead of the real income did not.Moreover,people with shorter migration distance would exhibit higher mental health.As to the administrative district factors,per capita disposable income(PCDI)and consumption expenditure(CONSP),showed strong associatians with migrants’physical health.However,these two factors would influence the migrants’mental health rightly through the pathway of education,Hukou and migration distance.Thus,we suggest the government should take measures to eliminate the income difference between urban and rural areas,and articulate the nearby urbanization for improving migrants’health for the sake of healthy urbanization.

关 键 词：外来人口 身心健康 多层线性模型 中国流动人口动态监测调查 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]