聚氨酯弹性体力学及耐水性能研究  

Study on mechanical properties and water resistance of polyurethane elastomer

作　　者：孙浩 李廷廷 于向伟 魏健 刘锦春[1] SUN Hao;LI Ting-ting;YU Xiang-wei;WEI Jian;LIU Jin-chun(Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic,Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science&Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学橡塑材料与工程教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《热固性树脂》2020年第6期15-19,共5页Thermosetting Resin

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GGX102044);山东省重大工程创新工程项目(2019JZZY020204)。

摘　　要：通过半预聚物法合成了一系列结构不同的聚氨酯弹性体,通过常温及在60℃和90℃恒温水浴中浸泡1~3 d后的力学性能测试研究了不同低聚物多元醇和聚酯多元醇的种类、游离异氰酸根含量及扩链剂的组成及配比对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响。结果表明:低聚物多元醇PTMG1000具有优异的力学及耐水解性能,聚酯多元醇中CTP44的力学性能和耐水解性能最好,XCP2000D的耐水解性最差。随着游离异氰酸根含量提高,弹性体的硬度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度增加,耐水性提高,断裂伸长率下降。扩链剂选用1,4-丁二醇与三羟甲基丙烷并用,质量比为8∶2时,弹性体的力学性能及耐水解性能最好。A series of polyurethane elastomers with different structures were synthesized by the semi-prepolymer method.The effects of different types of oligomer polyols and polyester polyols,free isocyanate content,composition and ratio of chain extender on the properties of polyurethane elastomers were studied by testings of mechanical properties at room temperature and after immersing in constant temperature water baths of 60℃and 90℃for 1-3 days.The results showed that the oligomer polyol PTMG1000 had excellent mechanical and hydrolysis resistance.Among the polyester polyols,CTP44 had the best mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance,and XCP2000D had the worst hydrolysis resistance.The hardness,tensile strength,tear strength and hydrolysis resistance of the elastomer were increased with the free isocyanate content increasing and the elongation at break was decreased.Combination of1,4-butanediol and trimethylolpropane as chain extender,when their mass ratio was 8∶2,the elastomer had the best mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance.

关 键 词：聚氨酯弹性体 半预聚体法 低聚物多元醇 聚酯多元醇 游离异氰酸根 扩链剂 力学性能 耐水性 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]