黑龙江省风沙半干旱地区根瘤菌与氮肥耦合大豆高效施肥方式研究  

Study on High Efficient Fertilization Methods of Coupling Effect of Rhizobium and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wind Sand and Semi-arid Area of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：周长军[1] 陈井生[1] 田中艳[1] 李建英[1] 吴耀坤[1] 于吉东[1] 马兰[1] 李泽宇[1] ZHOU Chang-jun;CHEN Jing-sheng;TIAN Zhong-yan;LI Jian-ying;WU Yao-kun;YU Ji-dong;MA Lan;LI Ze-yu(Daqing Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultrual Science,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163316

出　　处：《大豆科学》2020年第6期912-918,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省百千万工程科技重大专项(2019ZX16B01);黑龙江省农业科学院跨越工程项目(HNK2019CX01);现代农业大豆产业技术体系大庆综合试验站项目(CARS-004-CES07)。

摘　　要：为探究根瘤菌与氮肥耦合效应对黑龙江省西部风沙半干旱地区大豆植株生长的影响,探索该地区合理高效的施肥方式,本研究在2018和2019年设置5种不同施肥方式处理(T1:不施氮肥;T2:常规施肥;T3:常规施肥+花期追施尿素;T4:常规施肥+根瘤菌拌种+花期追施尿素;T5:常规施肥+根瘤菌拌种+花期追施控释尿素),分析不同施肥处理对大豆花期植株生物量、产量、产量构成因素及经济效益的影响。结果表明:根瘤菌与施氮肥耦合效应对大豆花期地上部干重、地下部干重、根瘤干重、根瘤数量、单株粒重和百粒重的促进作用明显,在2年试验中T4处理大豆花期植株地上部干重、地下部干重最高;2018年T5处理大豆花期根瘤干重最高,2019年T4处理最高;2年调查结果都显示T5处理根瘤数量最多;单株粒重、百粒重和产量2年都以T4处理最高,2018年T4处理大豆产量为2686.4kg·hm^-2,较T3和T2处理分别增加6.10%和10.31%,2019年T4处理大豆产量为2798.8kg·hm^-2,较T3和T2处理分别增加10.4%和16.0%。经济效益分析显示,T3、T4和T5处理的大豆产值较T2处理均有所提高,其中T4处理产值最高,达9599.1元·hm^-2,较T2处理提高最多,达611.8元·hm^-2,因此T4处理的常规施肥、根瘤菌拌种配合花期追施尿素是黑龙江省西部风沙半干旱地区提高大豆产量和农民增收的合理施肥方式。In order to explore the coupling effect of Rhizobium and nitrogen fertilizer on the biological growth of soybean plants in the wind sand and semi-arid region of the western Heilongjiang Province,and to explore the reasonable and efficient fertilization methods in this area.In this study,five different fertilization methods were set up in 2018 and 2019.T1:No nitrogenous fertilizer,T2:Conventional fertilization,T3:Conventional fertilization+Urea topdressing at flowering,T4:Conventionalfertilization+Rhizobium seed dressing+Urea topdressing in flowering period,T5:Conventional fertilization+Rhizobium seed dressing+Controlled-release urea at flowering stage.The effects of different fertilization treatments on plant biomass,yield,yield components and economic benefits of soybean were analyzed.The results showed that the coupling effect of rhizobia and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the dry weight on the ground,dry weight under the ground,dry weight of rhizobia,the number of rhizobia in soybean flowering stage,the seed weight per plant and the100-seedweight.The soybean plant dry weight on the ground and dry weight under the ground of the T4 treatment were the highest in the two-year experiment.The dry weight of rhizobia in soybean flowering stage of T5 treatment was the highest in 2018,and this character of T4 treatment was the highest in 2019.The rhizobia number of T5 treatment was the highest in the two-year investigation.The seed weight per plant,the 100-seed weight and the soybean yield of T4 treatment was the highest in the two-year investigation.In 2018,the soybean yield of T4 treatment was2686.4kg·ha^-1,6.10%and 10.31%higher than T3 and T2 treatments,respectively.In 2019,the soybean yield of T4 treatment was2798.8kg·ha^-1,10.4%and 16.0%higher than T3 and T2 treatment respectively.The output value of T3,T4 and T5 were higher than that of T2,among which T4 was the highest,reaching9599.1yuan·ha^-1,with the most increase compared with T2,reaching 611.8yuan·ha^-1.Therefore,T4 was the rational way of ap

关 键 词：大豆 风沙半干旱地区 根瘤菌 高效施肥 耦合效应 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]