无机抗菌材料抗菌机理研究进展  

Research Progress on Antibacterial Mechanisms of Inorganic Antibacterial Materials

作　　者：姚希燕 唐晓宁[1] 王晓楠 张彬[3] 夏振昊 YAO Xiyan;TANG Xiaoning;WANG Xiaonan;ZHANG Bin;XIA Zhenhao(Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Anshan Chemical Technology Company,Anshan 114000,China;Faculty of Science,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学化学工程学院,昆明650500 [2]鞍钢化学科技有限公司,鞍山114000 [3]昆明理工大学理学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第1期105-111,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC0210303);昆明理工大学分析测试基金(2019M20182208017)。

摘　　要：无机材料作为抗菌剂进入人们的视野以来,其材料特性与抗菌机理不断得到研究。无机抗菌材料主要分为金属离子型(如Ag、Cu、Zn等)与金属氧化物光催化型(如TiO 2、ZnO等),将其制备成纳米级材料后,其由于比表面积增大,可以更好地吸附于微生物,获得更好的抗菌效果。同时,相比于有机抗菌材料和天然抗菌材料,无机抗菌材料具有毒性低、稳定性高、耐久性好、不容易引起细菌耐药性的优点。然而,近些年对无机抗菌材料抗菌机理的提出与研究缺乏系统的分析和论证,大部分研究人员仅对某一金属型抗菌材料提出该种材料的抗菌机理。银系抗菌材料的抗菌机理是无机抗菌材料中研究较为深入的,一般认为银系抗菌材料释放出Ag+,Ag+吸附于细菌表面,然后击穿细胞膜进入细胞内部与细胞内容物发生反应,最后导致细菌失活。而金属氧化物光催化型(如TiO 2)抗菌材料由于其较宽的光学带隙在光照的条件下可发生光催化反应,从而产生大量如·OH、·O 2-一类的自由基,当这些自由基与细胞接触时,与细胞内有机物反应,导致细菌失活。本文归纳了各种无机材料的抗菌机理研究方式及内容,并对其进行了总结分析,根据抗菌活性物质和作用对象将抗菌机理分为三类:直接接触型、溶出-渗透型和催化氧化型。目前的研究表明,三种抗菌机理往往共同存在,相互交错,对其机理分析仍不透彻,因此建议从分子生物学和基因层面,比如细胞修复、蛋白质转换等方面揭示抗菌机理。Since the inorganic materials as antibacterial agents has entered the field of vision,its materials and antibacterial mechanism have been continuously studied and summarized.Inorganic antibacterial materials are mainly divided into metal ion type(such as Ag,Cu,Zn)and metal oxide photocatalytic type(for example TiO 2 and ZnO),its preparation into nano-scale materials,it can better adsorb microorganisms because of the larger specific surface area,so it has better antibacterial effect.At the same time,inorganic antibacterial materials have the advantages of low toxicity,high stability,good durability and not easy to cause bacterial resistance compared with organic antibacterial materials and natural antibacterial materials.However,in recent years,the antibacterial mechanism of inorganic antibacterial materials has not been systematically analyzed and demonstrated.Most researchers have only proposed the antibacterial mechanism of a metal-type antibacterial material.The antibacterial mechanism of silver system antibacterial materials is more deeply studied in inorganic antibacterial materials.It is generally believed that silver system antibacterial materials release Ag+and adsorbs on the surface of bacteria,then penetrates the cell membrane into the cell to react with the cell contents,and finally leads to the inactivation of bacteria.Whereas metal oxide photocatalytic type(such as TiO 2)antibacterial materials are generally thought to produce a large number of free radicals for instance·OH,·O 2-because their wide optical band gap can produce photocatalytic reactions under the conditions of illumination.When these free radicals are in contact with cells,they react with intracellular organic matter,resulting in bacterial deactivation.This review offers the antibacterial mechanism of various inorganic materials is summarized and analyzed.According to the antibacterial active substances and objects of action,the antibacterial mechanisms are divided into three types:direct contact type,dissolution-osmotic type and cata

关 键 词：无机抗菌材料 抗菌机理 活性氧(ROS) 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]