受限空间不同照度环境下VDT作业视觉疲劳  

Visual fatigue of VDT operation under different illumination conditions in confined space

作　　者：徐明伟 金龙哲[1] 田兴华 魏祎璇 王丽君 XU Ming-wei;JIN Long-zhe;TIAN Xing-hua;WEI Yi-xuan;WANG Li-jun(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Industry Engineering,West Virginia University,Morgantown 26505,US)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]西弗吉尼亚大学工业工程系,摩根墩26505

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2020年第12期1605-1612,共8页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题资助项目(2016YFC0801700,2017YFC0805204);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874015);国家留学基金资助项目(201906460049)。

摘　　要：受限空间内视觉疲劳是造成事故的主要原因之一.为探究有限空间内光照对视屏显示终端(Visual display terminals,VDT)作业视觉疲劳的影响,选取24名作业人员,在搭建的受限空间平台内进行VDT打字作业1 h,在50~700 lx范围内设置7个光照梯度使用眼动仪采集瞳孔直径数据.将采集数据进行归一化和降噪处理.实验结果表明,随着照度增大,瞳孔直径总体呈减小趋势,且瞳孔‒照度关系符合幂函数关系;照度400,550和700 lx环境下瞳孔直径变化率在-12%~8%之间浮动,且随着光照强度的增强,作业人员视觉疲劳发生的程度增加;在低照度50,100和200 lx环境下,瞳孔直径变化率在-8%~4%之间浮动,且随着强度的减弱,作业人员视觉疲劳发生的程度也会增加.本研究提出使用窗口化的瞳孔直径标准差σ判断视觉疲劳出现时间,低照度下的σ峰值出现时间早于高照度下σ峰值出现的时刻,300 lx照度下σ峰值出现的时刻最晚,50~300 lx弱光照下对视觉造成的疲劳程度大于300~700 lx强光照下造成的疲劳.Using eyes with high concentration for long periods can cause visual fatigue.With the continuous development and progression of modern electronic devices,screens have become an integral part of many aspects of life.Watching a screen for a long time can cause extreme eye fatigue and accidents.A wireless monitoring system including multiple communication platforms is a new means of monitoring in confined spaces,which requires people to perform visual display terminal(VDT)operations in common operating places such as dispatch rooms,cabins,and shipyards.Visual fatigue in a confined space is one of the main causes of accidents.To explore the effect of lighting in a limited space on visual fatigue of VDT,24 operators were selected to perform VDT typing in a confined space platform for 1 h,and seven light gradients were set within the range of 50-700 lx to collect pupil diameter data using an eye tracker.The collected data were normalized to reduce noise.Experimental results show that with an increase in illuminance,the pupil diameter generally decreases and the pupil-illuminance relationship conforms to the power function relationship.In highillumination environments(400,550,and 700 lx),the pupil diameter change rate fluctuates in the-12%-8%range,and with the increase in light intensity,the degree of visual fatigue of workers increases.Under low-illumination environments(50,100,and 200 lx),the pupil diameter change rate fluctuates in the range of -8%-4%,and the degree of visual fatigue of the workers also increases with decreased intensity.This study proposes to use the windowed pupil diameter standard deviation,σ,to determine the time of visual fatigue.The peak value ofσunder low illumination is earlier than that under high illumination;the peak value ofσunder 300-lx illumination is the latest,weak illumination.The fatigue degree of vision caused by 50-300 lx is greater than that caused by strong illumination of 300-700 lx.

关 键 词：受限空间 安全管理 视觉疲劳 视频显示终端作业 瞳孔直径 

分 类 号：TG142.71[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]