行政诉讼的诉的利益--以日本撤销诉讼为素材  

The Interest of Administrative Litigation:Study of Action for the Revocation of Administrative Litigation in Japan

作　　者：石龙潭[1] Shi Longtan

机构地区：[1]日本山口大学大学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2021年第1期32-58,共27页Local Legislation Journal

摘　　要：狭义的诉的利益,一般是指原告的诉求是否具有发动国家审判力量加以审判的必要性或价值的问题。这种必要性或价值若存在,原告的诉求就会接受法院的实体(本案)审理并由法院做出实体(本案)判决,反之就会遭到驳回。日本《行政案件诉讼法》第9条既是有关原告适格也是有关狭义的诉的利益的规定,因而两者面临着同样的课题——如何解释“法律上的利益”。狭义的诉的利益问题,大多出现于行政处分后的情况变更等场合。行政处分性、原告适格、狭义的诉的利益,归根到底属于行政诉讼审理的对象,其不过是为了解决能否进入实体判决的入口问题而已。鉴于作为主观诉讼的撤销诉讼同样发挥着监督和督促行政正确运营之功能,在诉讼政策上,对于那些与自己利益相关且真心诚意提起诉讼者尽可能予以承认和支持方为上策。The interest of litigation in a strict sense generally refers to the question of whether a plaintiff's standing is sufficient for a court to exercise its judicial power.When the plaintiff is able to demonstrate an adequate necessity or valuable interest of litigation in its claim,the court is likely to hear the claim.In Japan,Article 9 of the Administrative Case Litigation Act defines both plaintiff's standing and the interest of litigation in a strict sense and requires both of them to demonstrate“legal interest.”Consequently,both the plaintiff's standing and the interest of litigation in the strict sense are facing the same issue—how to interpret“legal interest.”An issue of the interest of litigation in the strict sense mostly appears in occasions that happen in the context of changed circumstances post administrative disposition.Administrative disposition,standing,and the interest of litigation are all ultimately the matter of administrative litigation requirements(i.e.,whether the plaintiff's claim can be heard by a court).As an action for the revocation of administrative litigation has an expected function to check and balance the administrative power,from administrative litigation perspectives,a bar for an action for the revocation of administrative litigation should be low and accessible for plaintiffs who sincerely initiated a litigation.

关 键 词：诉的利益 原告资格 行政处分性 撤销诉讼 日本行政诉讼 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] DD915.4