西方马克思主义史学的过去、现在与未来  

The Past, Present, and Future of Marxist Historical Studies in the West

作　　者：汪荣祖 Wong Young-tsu

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《文史哲》2021年第1期33-49,165,共18页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：马克思主义在西方资本主义国家受到敌视,但在学界一直是不容忽视的学说,论著汗牛充栋,多有关经济、哲学与政治,史学方面的研究虽相对较少,但马克思史学仍是西方,尤其是欧洲史学界的一大宗派,出了不少名家与名著。本文聚焦于西方马克思主义史学,略论其今昔代表性著作,先简略介绍马恩唯物史观,继则论述马恩史学的后继者——以普列汉诺夫与托洛茨基为代表的俄国史家,以及两位东欧马克思学者葛兰西与卢卡奇。西方马派史家在冷战期间受到极大的压力,同时马派史家也有一场有关马克思主义激烈的论辩,辩论没有结果,多少造成裂痕,有些马派学者走向虚无的后现代主义。不过,马克思史学在西方经过风雨与挫折,并未式微,唯物史观仍然是历史研究难以忽略的理论。史学与时俱进,马恩史学自有其未竟之业,展望未来,西方马派势必会顺应时代而踵事增华。马克思自谓其学说背景原是近代西方社会,如何以东方经验完善唯物史观,则有赖于中国马克思主义学者的努力。Marxism is looked down upon in Western capitalist countries,but in academia it has proved to be a neverending source of debate.Compared to the plentiful studies on Marxist economics,philosophy,and politics,studies on Marxist historiography are more rare,but they have nonetheless produced many famous works and scholars.This article focuses on Marxist interpretations of history in Western countries,particularly Europe.We begin with an overview of the materialist view of history by Marx and Engels,as well as some representative works in this area,then we move onto more modern successors of this view from Russia and Eastern Europe.The Cold War was a tumultuous time for Marxist theorists,and while it did not lead to any conclusive breakthroughs it did create smaller factions within the field,including post-modern Marxists with nihilistic leanings.Regardless of the divisions and debates,materialistic historiography remained prominent in academic circles.As historiography is always intimately linked with the times,Marxist historical studies still has many chapters yet to be written.

关 键 词：史学 马克思 恩格斯 俄国马派史家 欧美马派史家 斯大林主义 后现代主义 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]