美国PICAST报告对我国痕迹学科发展的启示  

Enlightenment of PICAST Report on the Development of Impression Examination Discipline in China

作　　者：孙凯[1] 罗亚平[2] Sun Kai;Luo Yaping(Zhejiang Police College,Hangzhou 310053,China;People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing100038,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江警察学院刑事科学技术系,浙江杭州310053 [2]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《新疆警察学院学报》2020年第1期68-73,共6页Journal of Xinjiang Police College

摘　　要：美国总统科学技术顾问委员会(PICAST)在2016年出台了专项报告,审查了法庭科学领域多个学科的科学性和有效性,提出了加强基础研究的建议,对我国痕迹检验学科的发展带来了重要启示。针对当前国内痕迹检验技术在侦查破案以及法庭作证方面不断弱化的现状,提出加强数据库建设、加强人工智能算法推动以及统计学基础研究的建议。另外,在痕迹检验中还要标准化和规范化各个环节,减少认知偏差等人为因素影响。推进痕迹检验学科理论方法从主观性到客观性的发展,以期适应新时代需求,在公安工作中继续发挥重要作用。In 2016,the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology(PICAST)issued a special report in USA.In this report,several methods in the field of impression examination discipline were evaluated for their validity and reliabili⁃ty,and recommendations were made to strengthen the basic research.The report shed light on the relevant work in China,in which the impression examination discipline has been criticized and weakened in recent years.It is recommended that fundamental research such as construction work of impression database and statistical study be implemented.Standardization of the impression identification procedure is also needed for the objectivity of these methods to reduce cognitive bias.To meet the high standard of evidence in the new era and continue to play an important role in the police work,fundamental research should be enhanced to strengthen the impression examination discipline.

关 键 词：PICAST报告 法庭科学 痕迹检验 基础研究 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]