患者来源肿瘤类器官的培养与研究及应用  

Culture,research and application of patient-derived tumor organoids

作　　者：冯紫伊 梁珊珊[1] 于炜婷 王若雨[1] Feng Ziyi;Liang Shanshan;Yu Weiting;Wang Ruoyu(Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for High Throughput Screening and Targeted Drug Transformation of Molecular Markers of Breast and Digestive Tumors,Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University,Dalian 116001,Liaoning Province,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省乳腺及消化肿瘤分子标志物高通量筛选及靶向药物转化重点实验室、大连大学附属中山医院,辽宁省大连市116001

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2021年第25期4082-4088,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：大连市医学科学研究计划项目(1811113),项目负责人:于炜婷。

摘　　要：背景:肿瘤类器官使肿瘤生物学研究、肿瘤新药筛选与开发以及精准化个体医学成为可能,并具有高通量、高效率和更加接近体内肿瘤生物学作用的优势。目的:对患者来源肿瘤类器官的发展与新进展做系统性综述,并对肿瘤类器官未来的应用方向与价值进行展望,以期为相关领域的研究者提供肿瘤类器官的特征全貌。方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、Springer、CNKI等数据库中以"肿瘤类器官、类器官、肿瘤研究、三维培养、肿瘤干细胞;Tumor/cancer organoids,Organoids,Cancer research,Three-dimensional culture,Cancer stem cell"为关键词检索与肿瘤类器官及患者来源肿瘤类器官相关文献,包括临床研究与基础研究等文章,检索时间主要在2017年2月至2020年2月。结果与结论:肿瘤类器官弥补了基于传统细胞系进行肿瘤研究的缺点,是更加可靠的肿瘤研究体外模型;根据不同肿瘤类型及患者自身情况,可选择不同来源的患者肿瘤细胞构建肿瘤类器官,通过添加细胞因子和生物材料优化培养条件是肿瘤类器官培养的关键;患者来源的肿瘤类器官高度保留了肿瘤异质性,为肿瘤生物学研究、新药筛选和精准医疗提供了更加真实可靠的平台;但是患者来源的肿瘤类器官不能完全重现肿瘤微环境,如缺少血管的支持、神经-体液的调节、免疫细胞的作用等,因此并不能完全体现肿瘤进展中的变化,共培养等技术可为模拟肿瘤微环境提供支持。BACKGROUND:Tumor organoids provide the foundation for tumor biology research,screening and development of new tumor drugs,and precision individual medicine,with the advantages of high-throughput,high efficiency,and closer to the biological role of tumors in vivo.OBJECTIVE:This article systematically reviews the development and new progress of patient-derived tumor organoids,prospect the application direction and value of tumor organoids in the future,so as to provide the characteristic panorama of tumor organoids for researchers in related fields.METHODS:In databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,Springer,and CNKI,the literature related to tumor organoids and patient-derived organoids was searched using the keywords of“Tumor/cancer organoids,Organoids,Cancer research,Three-dimensional culture,Cancer stem cell”in English and Chinese,respectively.Both clinical and basic researches were summarized from February 2017 to February 2020.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tumor organoids can make up for the shortcomings of tumor research based on traditional cell lines,and are more reliable in the in vitro models for tumor research.According to different tumor types and patients’own conditions,it is possible to select tumor cells from different sources to construct tumor organoids.Optimizing culture conditions by adding cytokines and biological materials is the key to tumor organoid culture.The patient-derived tumor organoids highly retain tumor heterogeneity,so that they can provide a more realistic and reliable platform for tumor biology research,new drug screening and precision medicine.However,patient-derived tumor organoids cannot fully reproduce the tumor microenvironment,such as lack of vascular support,nerve-humoral regulation,and immune cells function,so they cannot fully reflect changes in tumor progress,but co-culture and techniques can provide support for simulating the tumor microenvironment.

关 键 词：肿瘤类器官 类器官培养 新药筛选研发 精准医学 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学] R496[医药卫生—临床医学]