错案责任的分解与分配——基于23起刑事错案的样本分析  

The Decomposition and Distribution of Responsibility in Wrongful Convictions—Based on a Sample Analysis of 23 Wrongful Convictions

作　　者：贺宁 江国华[2] HE Ning;JIANG Guo-hua(Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学司法文明协同创新中心,长春130012 [2]武汉大学法学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期24-29,共6页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：错案责任追究制度的核心问题在于错案责任的分解与分配。在实践中,错案责任落实不到位的症结在于错案责任分解不清,以及由此导致的错案责任分配不明。在学理上,错案责任可以根据过程性、主体性、后果性等不同的基准分解为不同性质的责任形式。责任分解的意义在于责任分配,正是在责任分解的基础上,错案责任方可能在不同主体之间实行分配。而责任分配则是责任实现的前置环节。责任分配须遵循权责统一、比例原则、举证责任倒置等原则,依照以主体、客体、程序为基本内核的分配机制,将办案责任、监管责任和赔偿责任等错案责任逐一落实。The core problem of the accountability system of wrongful convictions is the decomposition and distribution of the responsibility.In practice,the crux of the improper implementation of the responsibility for wrongful convictions lies in the unclear decomposition of the responsibility and the resulting unclear distribu⁃tion of the responsibility.In theory,the responsibility of wrongful convictions can be broken down into different forms of responsibility according to different benchmarks such as process,subjectivity and consequences.The significance of decomposition lies in the distribution,and it is on the basis of decomposition that the wrongcase responsible party may be distributed among different subjects.The distribution of responsibility is the front link of responsibility realization.The distribution of responsibility shall follow the principles of unity of authori⁃ty and responsibility,the principle of proportionality and the inversion of the burden of proof,and implement the case handling liability,the supervision liability and the compensation liability one by one in accordance with the distribution mechanism which takes the main body,object and procedure as the basic core.

关 键 词：错案责任追究制度 刑事错案 公检法三机关的关系 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]