海洋天然气水合物地震探测技术进展——从单纵波到多波  

Seismic exploration of marine gas hydrates:A review of P-wave and multi-wave technologies

作　　者：李子坤 王赟[1] 陆敬安[2] 于光明 王祥春[1] LI Zikun;WANG Yun;LU Jing'an;YU Guangming;WANG Xiangchun(MWMC Research Group,State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,School of Geophysics and Information Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Guangzhou 510075,China;Institute of Multi-Component Seismic Technology Beijing,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院,地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室MWMC研究组,北京100083 [2]中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州510075 [3]北京多分量地震技术研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《石油物探》2021年第1期92-104,共13页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1839208,41425017)资助。

摘　　要：海洋天然气水合物是21世纪重要的潜在新能源。针对海洋天然气水合物地震探测技术,从水合物储层的地震识别特征、岩石物理模型以及多波地震技术应用3个方面,分析了在针对不同类型水合物储层时现有岩石物理模型的诸多不适应性;介绍了单纯利用海洋高分辨率纵波技术识别水合物储层、预测水合物饱和度的效果及其局限性;从纵波似海底反射(BSR)及地震空白带(SBZ)识别标志与水合物储层指示关系的非唯一性角度阐明了联合使用纵波和横波进行水合物储层识别与饱和度估算的优势,指出海洋水合物多波地震技术发展中面临的提高海底地震仪(OBS)数据处理与成像精度、建立兼顾温压条件的岩石物理模型等亟需解决的问题;最后提出了基于水合物储层薄(互)层模型的弹性波响应研究、利用地震技术动态监测水合物储层空间分布及饱和度变化等未来的主要研究方向,以推动水合物勘探开发的地震技术发展。Marine gas hydrates are new,potentially important energy sources.In this work,a number of shortcomings of the existing technologies for the seismic exploration of various types of hydrate reservoirs were pointed out.Particular attention was given to the ability of these technologies to identify the reservoirs'seismic characteristics,the limitations of existing rock physical models,and those of the multi-wave seismic technologies.The limitations of marine high-resolution longitudinal wave techniques-when used to identify hydrate reservoirs and predict their saturation-were also pointed out.Conversely,the advantages of using P-waves and S-waves to identify hydrate reservoirs and predict their saturation were illustrated,especially in cases where the identification of the P-wave bottom simulating reflector(or the seismic blanking zone)does not indicate a unique hydrate reservoir.Furthermore,the outstanding issues limiting the development of marine hydrate multi-wave seismic technologies were discussed.In particular,the need for an improvement of the data processing and imaging accuracy of ocean bottom seismometers was pointed out,together with the need for a rock physical model accounting for both temperature and pressure.Finally,the current research directions were highlighted.These include the study of the elastic wave responses derived from thin interbed hydrate reservoirs and the dynamic monitoring of the spatial distribution and saturation changes of hydrate reservoirs using seismic technologies.

关 键 词：天然气水合物 岩石物理模型 似海底反射 地震空白带 多波 海底地震仪 薄互层 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]