田葛缕子根尖染色体压片技术及核型分析  

Pressing Technology of Root Tip Chromosome and Karyotype Analysis of Carum buriaticum

作　　者：马宏荣 沈宁东[1] 朱惠琴[1] Ma Hongrong;Shen Ningdong;Zhu Huiqin(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining,810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第24期8233-8239,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31560083);青海省科技厅项目(2018-ZJ-752)共同资助。

摘　　要：本试验以田葛缕子种子萌发所形成的根尖作为材料,通过取材、预处理、固定、解离、染色压片等一系列过程观察细胞有丝分裂各个时期,以确定最佳的取材时间、预处理方式、解离条件,从而获得分散清晰的根尖染色体压片图像并进行核型分析。结果表明:田葛缕子根尖染色体制片的最佳取材时间为10:00~12:00,最佳预处理是在4℃下用0.05%秋水仙素溶液或用蒸馏水处理12 h;最佳解离方法是1 mol/L的HCl溶液60℃水浴10 min。田葛缕子根尖染色体数目为2n=20,核型公式为2n=2x=20=16m+4sm,核型属于2A型,核型不对称系数为57.69%。本研究为田葛缕子种质资源的开发和新品种选育提供了细胞学基础。In this experiment, the meristem of root tips by the germination of the seed of Carum buriaticum was used as experimental material, through materials, pretreatment, fixation, dissociation, dyeing pelleting as a series of process and observation of cell mitosis each period, in order to determine the best time, pretreatment method,dissociative conditions, and obtain clear chromosome tabletting image and karyotype analysis. The results showed that the optimal sampling time for root tip chromosome preparation was 10:00〜12:00, and the optimal pretreatment was 0.05% colchicine solution at 4℃ or treated with distilled water for 12 h. The best dissociation method was1 mol/L HCl solution 60℃ water lasts for 10 min. The number of chromosomes in the root tip of Carum buriaticum was 2 n=20, the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=20=16 m+4 sm, the karyotype belonged to 2 A type, and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 57.69%. This study provided a cytological basis for the development of germplasm resources and the selection and breeding of new varieties of Carum buriaticum.

关 键 词：田葛缕子 根尖 染色体 压片技术 核型分析 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]