2000-2018年陕、甘两省省审玉米品种主要性状的比较  

Comparison of Major Characters of Maize Varieties in Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces from 2000 to 2018

作　　者：白明兴 赵小强[1,2] 陆晏天 汪萍 赵丽蓉 钟源 Bai Mingxing;Zhao Xiaoqiang;Lu Yantian;Wang Ping;Zhao Lirong;Zhong Yuan(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,730070;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agri­cultural University,Lanzhou,730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第24期8294-8304,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：甘肃农业大学科技创新基金-公招博士科研启动基金(GAU-KYQD-2018-19,GAU-KYQD-2018-12);国家自然科学基金(32060486);甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019A-052,2019A-054);甘肃农业大学甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金课题(GSCS-2019-8)资助。

摘　　要：搜集整理2000-2018年陕西(385份)和甘肃(337份)省审普通玉米(Zea mays)品种的20个相关信息,综合解析了两省省审品种相关性状的变化规律及相关性,以期为进一步了解品种更替对西北地区玉米安全生产和育种策略提供参考。结果表明:(1)随年份更替,两省省审玉米品种的株高、粗淀粉含量、粗淀粉积累量、产量及种植密度总体呈显著上升趋势,而其穗位比、穗长、穗粗、行粒数及粗蛋白含量呈显著下降趋势。(2)随年份更替,陕西省审玉米品种在穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、出籽率、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量及粗脂肪积累量的均值均高于甘肃省审玉米品种,其平均高出0.16cm、0.60行、0.50粒、1.05、0.29、0.06和0.39g;而在株高、穗位高、穗位比、生育期、穗长、千粒重、粗蛋白积累量、粗淀粉含量、粗淀粉积累量、赖氨酸含量、赖氨酸积累量、产量及种植密度的均值均低于甘肃省审玉米品种,其分别降低10.39cm、6.62cm、0.01、23.21d、0.19cm、0.65g、0.11g、2.15、10.04g、4.00%、0.14g、2659.65kg/hm^2和7806.19株/hm^2。(3)相关分析揭示,株型、产量和籽粒品质相关性状间彼此紧密关联,性状间的协同作用或抑制作用共同构成了品种的特异性(Distinctness)、一致性(Uniformity)和稳定性(Stability)。(4)通过主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),筛选出陕西和甘肃省审玉米品种相关性状对总体方差累计贡献率分别达71.331%和74.517%的7个主成分,其中株高、穗位高、穗位比、生育期、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数及出籽率等是造成这些品种间差异的主要因素。The 20 related traits of(Zea mays) varieties in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces were collected from 2000 to 2018, and the variation rules and correlation of related traits between the both provinces were analyzed comprehensively, to provide the references for maize production and breeding direction in future. The results showed that:(1) with the change of years, the plant height(PH), starch content(SC), starch accumulation(SA), grain yield(GY) and planting density(PD) of maize varieties in the two provinces increased significantly, the panicle aspect ratio(PAR), ear length(EL), ear diameter(ED), kernel number per row(KNPR) and protein content(PC) decreased significantly.(2) With the change of years, the ED, KRN, KNPR, GY, PC, FC and FA of maize varieties in Shaanxi province were larger than in Gansu province, which were increased 0.16 cm, 0.60 lines, 0.50 kernels, 1.05, 0.29,0.06 and 0.39 g respectively. However, the PH, EH, PAR, DS, EL, KW, PA, SC, SA, LC, LA, GY, and PD of maize varieties in Shaanxi province were lower than in Gansu province, which decreased 10.39 cm, 6.62 cm, 0.01,23.21 d, 0.19 cm, 0.65 g, 0.11 g, 2.15, 10.04 g, 4.00%, 0.14 g, 2 659.65 kg/hm^2 and 7 806.19 plants/hm^2, respe c-tively.(3) The correlation analysis showed that the plant type, yield and grain quality related traits were closely related to each other, and the DUS(distinctness, uniformity, and stability) of corresponding maize varieties were formed by their cooperation or inhibitions.(4) The PCA analysis showed that seven principal components were selected in both provisions, the cumulative contribution rate of related traits to the total variance of maize varieties in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces were 71.331% and 74.517%, and the PH, EH, PAR, DS, EL, ED, KRN, KNPR,and KR were the main factors causing the difference among these varieties.

关 键 词：稻瘟病 抗病基因型 抗病表型 抗性改良 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]