澜沧江-湄公河流域干旱分析及上游水库影响  

Drought in Lancang-Mekong River Basin and the impact of upstream reservoirs

作　　者：刘慧[1] 杨泽川 许凤冉[1] 张学君 白音包力皋[1] 穆祥鹏[1] 胡宏昌[4] LIU Hui;YANG Zechuan;XU Fengran;ZHANG Xuejun;Baiyinbaoligao;MU Xiangpeng;HU Hongchang(Department of Hydraulics,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;International Economic&Technical Cooperation and Exchange Center,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,hina)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水力学研究所,北京100038 [2]水利部国际经济技术合作交流中心,北京100038 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院防洪抗旱减灾研究所,北京100038 [4]清华大学水利系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2020年第6期479-485,共7页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院专项(HY0145B152017)。

摘　　要：干旱是威胁澜沧江-湄公河流域农业和生态安全的主要自然灾害之一。本文分析了澜沧江-湄公河流域气象干旱和水文干旱特征,并选取2009/2010年和2012/2013年两场典型干旱进行对比,揭示澜沧江水库发挥的作用。结果表明澜沧江-湄公河全流域的气象和水文干旱无显著趋势性变化,各区间变化趋势不一。2012/2013年气象干旱总体较2009/2010年严重,然而同期湄公河干流并未发生水文干旱。澜沧江梯级水库在2012/2013年干季下泄流量较多年平均来水量增加43%,对缓解湄公河干流水文干旱发挥了积极作用。Drought is one of the main natural disasters in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),posing huge threats to the agricultural and ecological security.This paper characterized the meteorological and hydrological drought.Two droughts in 2009/2010 and 2012/2013 were selected to carry out comparative study.The results show that there is no significant trend of meteorological and hydrological drought in the whole LMRB,but the trend varies among different sub-regions.The meteorological drought in 2012/2013 is generally more severe than in 2009/2010.However,there is no hydrological drought in the mainstem of the Mekong River in the same period.Water released by the Lancang hydropower cascade was 43%more than its annural average natural inflow,which played a positive role in drought relief of the mainstem of the Mekong River.

关 键 词：水文学 干旱 特征 对比分析 澜沧江-湄公河 水库调度 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]