闽江上游生态环境改变对山洪过程的影响研究  

The impact of ecological environment change on flash flood of the upper reaches of Minjiang River

作　　者：李青[1,2] 孙东亚[1,2] 刘荣华[1,2] 李昌志[1,2] 刘云 LI Qing;SUN Dongya;LIU Ronghua;LI Changzhi;LIU Yun(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood&Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2020年第6期515-525,共11页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(JZ0145B032018);全国山洪灾害防治项目(126301001000150068);环境保护部科研业务专项(JZ0203A132014)。

摘　　要：山洪灾害易发地区一般处于江河上游的生态脆弱区和生态敏感地带,水土流失和生态退化加剧了灾害程度。选取闽江上游为研究区域,重点研究生态环境变化与山洪的耦合关系。以2013年闽江上游生态系统分类结果为本底数据,利用GIS技术,模拟退耕还林、矿山恢复、生态封育3种生态最优情景以及生态退化情景。采用HEC-HMS模型,基于设计暴雨资料计算不同生态情景下洪水过程,进而分析生态优化及生态退化条件对山洪过程的影响。由研究结果可得,生态类型优化对洪水削峰滞时作用显著,洪水峰值减小,洪水集中度减小、冲击力减弱,不易成灾;生态条件退化后,洪峰值增加,峰现时间提前。因此,改善易灾地区生态环境,调节径流能力,可有效提升抗御山洪灾害的能力,对于减少山洪灾害损失具有重要意义。Flash flood disaster-prone areas are generally located in ecologically fragile and sensitive areas in the upper reaches of rivers,and soil erosion and ecological degradation have exacerbated the severity of disasters.This paper screens the upper reaches of the Minjiang River as the research area,focusing on the coupling relationship between ecological environment changes and flash flood.Combining background data,that is,the classification results of the upper Minjiang River ecosystem in 2013,GIS technology was used to simulate the three ecological optimal scenarios and ecological degradation scenarios of returning farmland to forests,mine restoration,and ecological enclosure.The HEC-HMS model was employed to calculate the flood process under different ecological scenarios by design rainstorm data,and then the changes in the flash flood process were analyzed under ecological optimization and degradation conditions.Results reveal that:the optimization of ecological types has a significant effect on flood peak reduction and delay time,which is manifested in the reduction of flood peak and flood concentration,weakened impact,and being less prone to disasters.When ecological conditions are degraded,flood peak discharge increases and peak discharge appears earlier.Therefore,both improving the ecological environment and regulating runoff capacity in disaster-prone areas,can effectively enhance the ability to prevent flash flood.It is of great significance for reducing flash flood losses.

关 键 词：生态环境改变 洪水过程 山洪 情景模拟 闽江上游 

分 类 号：TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程]