水分胁迫对节水抗旱稻产量形成和根系形态生理特性的影响  

Effects of Water Stress on Yield Formation and Root Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Water-saving and Drought-resistant Rice

作　　者：侯丹平 谭金松 毕庆宇 张安宁[1] 刘毅[1] 王飞名[1] 刘国兰[1] 余新桥[1] 毕俊国[1] 罗利军[1] HOU Danping;TAN Jinsong;BI Qingyu;ZHANG Anning;LIU Yi;WANG Feiming;LIU Guolan;YU Xinqiao;BI Junguo;LUO Lijun(Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业生物基因中心,上海201106

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2021年第1期27-37,共11页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300103);国家青年自然科学基金资助项目(31501270);上海市水稻产业技术体系建设项目[沪农科产字(2020)第3号]。

摘　　要：【目的】探究节水抗旱稻组合旱优73在不同灌溉条件下产量形成特点及其根系形态生理的变化情况。【方法】以节水抗旱稻旱优73和高产水稻H优518为材料,通过根管试验设置三种水分处理(常规灌溉、轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫),调查株高、分蘖、根系形态特征和生理特性以及产量构成因素,分析性状之间的关系,探究不同程度水分胁迫对旱优73和H优518产量形成和根系形态生理的影响及其差异。【结果】两年的重复试验结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,在轻度水分胁迫下,旱优73的产量及其构成因素无显著变化,H优518的产量在两年内平均减少了25.6%,每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重也显著降低;在重度水分胁迫下,两品种产量及其构成因素均显著降低,其中,旱优73的产量两年内平均减少了28.8%,H优518产量减少了46.1%。与常规灌溉相比,轻度水分胁迫下旱优73的根系总吸收表面积、活跃吸收表面积、根体积、根直径、根尖数、根系抗氧化酶活性均无显著变化,而重度水分胁迫下则显著降低;在两种水分胁迫下,H优518根系形态生理指标均显著下降。【结论】节水抗旱稻旱优73在轻度水分胁迫下可维持较高的产量,在重度水分胁迫下产量降幅明显低于高产水稻H优518,良好的根系形态和较强的根系活力是其抗旱稳产的重要原因。【Objective】To explore the characteristics of yield formation and changes in root morphology and physiology of water-saving and drought-resistant rice under different irrigation conditions.【Method】Three water treatments(conventional irrigation,light water stress and heavy water stress)were set in the root canal experiment of water-saving and drought-resistant rice Hanyou 73 and high-yield rice H You 518.The plant height,tillering,root morphological and physiological characteristics,yield components were investigated,and their relationships were analyzed to elucidate the effect of water stress on yield formation,root morphology and physiology of water-saving and drought-resistant rice and the difference to high-yield rice.【Result】The results of the two-year experiment showed that compared with conventional irrigation,the grain yield and its components of Hanyou 73 had no significant change under light water stress,and the grain yield of H You 518 decreased by 25.6%on average in two years,and the number of grains per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were also significantly decreased.Under heavy water stress,the grain yield and its components of the two varieties decreased significantly,among which the grain yield of Hanyou 73 decreased by 28.8%on average within two years,and that of H You 518 decreased by 46.1%.Compared with conventional irrigation,there were no significant changes in total absorption surface area,active absorption surface area,root volume,root diameter,root tip number and antioxidant enzyme activities of Hanyou 73 under mild water stress,while the above mentioned traits were significantly decreased under heavy water stress;the root morphological and physiological indexes of H You 518 were significantly decreased under the two water stress.【Conclusion】The water-saving and drought-resistant rice Hanyou 73 can maintain high yield under light water stress,and the yield decline under heavy water stress is significantly lower than that of high-yield rice H You 518.Sound roo

关 键 词：节水抗旱稻 水分胁迫 产量构成因素 根系形态特性 根系生理特性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]