公开级与轻量级赛艇运动员高原训练初期免疫应答特征的比较研究  

Comparison of the Immune Response to the Initial Stage of Altitude Training between Heavyweight and Lightweight Rowers

作　　者：高欢[1] 王玉新 张昊楠[1] 孟志军 高炳宏[3] GAO Huan;WANG Yuxin;ZHANG Haonan;MENG Zhijun;GAO Binghong(Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science&Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency,Shanghai 200030,China;Yunnan Institute of Sport Science,Kunming 650041,China;School of Physical Education and Training,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海200030 [2]云南省体育科学研究所,昆明云南650041 [3]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科研》2021年第1期94-99,共6页Sport Science Research

基　　金：上海市体育局科技攻关课题(20J012);上海市科委科技支撑项目(15DZ1208001)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨男子公开级与轻量级赛艇运动员初上高原阶段免疫应答差异。方法:以8名公开级和轻量级赛艇运动员为研究对象。初上高原前2周均以低强度有氧训练为主,上高原前和高原训练(2280 m)1周调整后次日晨空腹采肘静脉血测量淋巴细胞亚群和血浆儿茶酚胺、肌红蛋白及皮质醇浓度。结果:(1)高原适应性训练1周后肌红蛋白浓度无显著变化,轻量级和公开级运动员T%和CD4+%显著降低,NK%显著升高;CD8+%和CD4+/CD8+无显著变化;轻量级和公开级运动员间淋巴细胞各亚群的变化均无显著交互效应。(2)高原适应性训练1周后轻量级和公开级运动员血浆多巴胺均显著下降(-18.66%vs.-9.88%);血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素均小幅升高,但无显著性改变;血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺组间均无显著交互效应。B%与血浆多巴胺呈中度显著正相关。结论:以低强度适应性训练为主的高原训练初期呈现出一定程度的免疫应激,表现为循环血T%、CD4+%显著下降,NK%显著升高,多巴胺显著降低。公开级与轻量级赛艇运动员间无显著应答差异。多巴胺可能与高原训练初期B细胞的应答调节密切相关。Purpose:This study was designed to compare the immune response between heavyweight and lightweight rowers in the initial stage of altitude training.Method:Eight heavyweight and lightweight rowers were included.The main training content was low intensity aerobic training in the first two weeks of altitude training camp(2280 m).Fasting venous blood in the morning before arriving at the altitude and one week after altitude training was collected to measure lymphocyte subsets,catecholamine and cortisol.Results:After one-week altitude adaptation training,no significant change was observed in the level of plasma myoglobin;Circulating T%and CD4+%were decreased significantly and NK%increased significantly in both weight-class rowers.No significant changes were observed in CD8+%and CD4+/CD8+.No interaction difference was founded in all lymphocyte subsets.Plasma dopamine decreased significantly both in heavyweight and lightweight rowers after one-week altitude training(-18.66%vs-9.88%),the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine both increased slightly,but no significant change was observed;No significant interaction effects were founded in the level of epinephrine,norepinephrine and dopamine between the two weight-class rowers.Significant and positive correlations between plasma level of dopamine and circulating B%was observed.Conclusion:In the early stage of altitude training,which mainly consists of low-intensity aerobics,the immune system showed a stress in both heavyweight and lightweight class rowers.It exhibited the decrease in circulating T%and CD4+%,and the increase in NK%accompanied by the significant decreased level of plasma dopamine.But no statistical difference existed between the two weight-class rowers.Dopamine may play an important role in regulating the response of B lymphocyte to the initial stage of altitude training.

关 键 词：赛艇 高原训练 免疫应答 儿茶酚胺 

分 类 号：G86[文化科学—体育训练]