光驱动微/纳米马达的原理及其生物医学应用  

Principles and biomedical applications of light-powered micro/nanomotors

作　　者：李茂垚 吴建荣 郑元义[2] Maoyao Li;Jianrong Wu;Yuanyi Zheng(School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China;The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院,上海200025 [2]上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院,上海200233

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第35期4123-4138,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：近年来,微/纳米马达已成为纳米技术一个重要的研究领域.光驱动微/纳米马达因其可控性高、可编程性好、操作简便的优点,以及在环境修复、生物医学等领域的应用潜力而受到学术界的广泛关注.本文归纳了目前光驱动微/纳米马达领域的研究现状,介绍了光驱动微/纳米马达的设计原理、用于制备光驱动微/纳米马达的光响应材料、具体的制备方法及重要参数;重点阐述了几种光驱动微/纳米马达的运动机制,详细介绍了个体马达和群体马达的运动行为模式,并探讨了其在生物医学领域的应用范围;最后,分析了光驱动微/纳米马达当前面临的关键科学和技术问题,并对未来的发展和应用前景作了展望.In recent years, micro/nanomotors(MNMs) have become an increasingly important research field of nanotechnology. Due to the influence of viscous resistance and Brownian motion, inertia cannot maintain the motion of MNMs in the environment of low Reynolds number, so a constant force is needed to realize the continuous motion of the motors.Classification of MNMs can be made according to the different sources of energy supply. Common sources of energy are chemical fuels and external physical field. Chemically-powered MNMs are propelled by chemical reactions of chemical fuels in solution, which results in an asymmetric concentration gradient field or gas production. The main driving mechanisms of chemically-powered MNMs are self-electrophoresis, self-diffusiophoresis and bubble propulsion. The MNMs driven by physical field, however, convert the light field, magnetic field, electric field, ultrasonic field, temperature field or/and other external energy forms into mechanical energy to serve as the propulsion force.Chemically-powered MNMs have relatively strong driving force and are easy to be prepared. H2O2 is currently the most widely used kind of chemical fuel, but the application of them in biomedical field is limited due to the toxicity and side effects of H2O2 in vivo. While there are other biocompatible chemically-powered MNMs, but they are still in need of improvement in terms of the catalytic efficiency and movement velocity when put into practical application. The fuel-free MNMs powered by external physical field have the advantages of remote control and high biocompatibility. For example,MNMs driven by magnetic field or ultrasonic field have the advantages of high energy penetration, strong propulsion force and relatively small requirements for surrounding media, but their manufacturing process are complicate, requiring expensive equipment and elaborately set equipment parameters.Among them, light-powered micro/nanomotors are attracting more and more attention due to their unique advantages of high controllab

关 键 词：微/纳米马达 光驱动 驱动机理 运动行为 生物医学 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]