飞马座51b:引领太阳系外行星研究领域变革的行星  

51 Pegasi b:The planet that started the revolution of exoplanet research

作　　者：马波 余聪 Bo Ma;Cong Yu(School of Physics and Astronomy,Sun Yat-sen Univresity,Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学物理与天文学院,珠海519082

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第34期3873-3877,共5页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国科学院天文联合基金(U1931102);国家自然科学基金(11521303,11733010,11873103,12073092);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目;中山大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20lgpy169)资助

摘　　要：飞马座51b是第一颗被证实的围绕类太阳恒星运转的太阳系外行星.它的发现开创了一个新的天文学研究领域.经过25年的发展,太阳系外行星研究在国际上已经成为天文学的一个重要分支,各个国家都在此研究领域投入了大量的资源.我们在这里简要介绍飞马座51b的发现历史,以及此发现激起的行星形成理论和行星探测领域的变革.To celebrate its 150 anniversary, Nature collected 10 extraordinary papers published on Nature in November, 2019. One of the papers is on the discovery of the 51 Peg b by Swiss astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz from University of Geneva. 51 Peg b was the first confirmed planet around a solar-type star other than our own Sun. Mayor and Queloz later won the Nobel Physics Prize in 2019 because they have "explored our cosmic neighbourhoods on the hunt for unknown planets. Their discoveries have forever changed our conceptions of the world." The discovery was made using the radial velocity technique. A star and a planet orbit each other, and although not much, the star still shows a noticeable wobble due to the gravitational tug of the planet. By observing this wobble motion, scientists can infer the existence of a planet around the star and calculate its mass and distance from the host star. Mayor and Queloz started their planet survey using ELODIE spectrograph in the early 1990s at Haute-Provence Observatory. Through their survey, they found a strange object orbiting the star 51 Pegasi, with a similar mass of Jupiter, but about 7 times closer to its host star than Mercury is to our sun. This object was later named as 51 Pegasi b, and confirmed by other research teams around the world, including Marcy’s research team from America. This new discovery was a big challenge to the traditional models of planet formation. How could a Jupiter-like planet form so close to its host star? Revised planet formation theory suggests 51 Peg b initially formed like a Jupiter farther away from 51 Pegasi, and later migrated inwards towards the star due to interaction with other planets or interaction with the material in the gaseous planetary disk. Since the discovery of 51 Peg b, more than 4200 exoplanets have been confirmed so far, and many more yet coming. The main detection methods of exoplanets are radial velocity technique, transiting technique, microlensing, and direct imaging methods. Most of the planets known today

关 键 词：太阳系外行星 飞马座 类太阳恒星 行星探测 行星形成 天文学研究 

分 类 号：P15[天文地球—天文学]