辽东山区典型次生林空间结构对草本物种多样性的影响  

Effects of Spatial Structure on Herbaceous Diversity of Typical Secondary Forests in Mountainous Area of Eastern Liaoning

作　　者：刘红民[1] 董莉莉[1] 高英旭[1] 汪成成[1] 赵济川 王琴[1] LIU Hong-min;DONG Li-li;GAO Ying-xu;WANG Cheng-cheng;ZHAO Ji-chuan;WANG Qin(Liaoning Academy of Forestry Science,Shenyang 110032,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省林业科学研究院,沈阳110032

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2020年第6期670-679,共10页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC050410504,2017YFC050410502)。

摘　　要：林分空间结构是森林生长的驱动因子,会对林下植被的物种组成、分布格局和生长发育产生影响。为明确其影响林下草本物种多样性的关键因子,在定量分析辽东山区的栎类纯林、栎类混交林和胡桃楸混交林3种典型次生林的混交度、角尺度、开敞度、林层指数、竞争指数5个林分空间结构参数和Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数4个物种多样性指数的基础上,利用灰色关联度分析方法探讨不同类型次生林的林分空间结构与林下草本植物物种多样性之间的关系。结果表明:3种次生林的混交度、林层指数和竞争指数存在显著差异(p<0.05),而角尺度和开敞度差异不显著(p>0.05),整体表现为栎类混交林>胡桃楸混交林>栎类纯林;3种次生林林下草本的Patrick丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数存在显著差异(p<0.05),而Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数差异不显著(p>0.05),整体表现为胡桃楸混交林>栎类纯林>栎类混交林;3种次生林的空间结构参数与林下草本物种多样性指数的灰色关联度均较高,同一空间结构参数与不同多样性指数的关联序存在差异,对林下草本物种多样性影响最大的林分空间结构参数是混交度,其次是角尺度和开敞度。因此,在辽东山区次生林经营管理过程中,可以选择以调整树种结构为主,调整林木的水平和垂直空间分布格局为辅的林分空间结构优化方案,有利于提高林下草本植物物种多样性。The stand spatial structure is the driving factor of forest growth,which affects the species composition,distribution pattern and growth of understory vegetation.To discover the key factors affecting herbaceous diversity among spatial structure parameters,studies were carried out in three kinds of typical secondary forests,i.e.pure Quercus spp.forest,mixed Quercus spp.forest and mixed Juglans mandshurica forest.On the basis of quantitative analysis of stand spatial structure parameters(mingling,uniform angle index,open degree,stand layer index and competition index)and understory herb species diversity indexes(Patrick index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index),the correlation between stand spatial structure and herbaceous diversity of different secondary forests was discussed by using grey relational degree analysis.The results indicated that there were obvious differences in mingling,stand layer index and competition index among three forest types(p<0.05),whereas differences in uniform angle index and open degree were unobvious(p>0.05).These indexes in different forest types decreased in order:mixed Juglans mandshurica forest>mixed Quercus spp.forest>pure Quercus spp.forest.There were significant differences in Patrick index,Shannon-Wiener index of herb species among three forest types(p<0.05),whereas the differences in Simpson index and Pielou index were insignificant(p>0.05).These diversity indexes in different forest types decreased in order:mixed Quercus spp.forest>mixed Juglans mandshurica forest>pure Quercus spp.forest.The grey correlation between spatial structure parameters of the three secondary forests and the diversity indexes of undergrowth herbaceous species were high,but the correlation orders between the same spatial structure parameter and different diversity indexes were different.Of all spatial structure parameters,mingling was the most important factor affecting herbaceous diversity in understory,followed by uniform angle index and open degree.From all above,during the secondar

关 键 词：天然次生林 林分空间结构 草本物种多样性 灰色关联度分析 辽东山区 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]