不同基质分层处理对日光温室袋培番茄生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Substrates on Growth and Yield of Tomato with Bag Culture in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：张金伟 刘杰 刘津冀 徐继彤 富宏丹 孟思达[1] 孙周平[1] ZHANG Jin-wei;LIU Jie;LIU Jin-ji;XU Ji-tong;FU Hong-dan;MENG Si-da;SUN Zhou-ping(College of horticulture/National&Local joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design&Application Technology/Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院/北方园艺设施设计与应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心/设施园艺省部共建教育部重点实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2020年第6期762-767,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001903);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系岗位专家项目(CARS-23-01)。

摘　　要：在基质栽培过程中,基质内部往往存在着通气不良的问题。基质内部通气不良会降低植株根系活力,抑制植株生长,降低果实产量。选取孔隙度73.95%的牛粪基质配方和孔隙度83.00%的中药渣基质配方进行基质配方分层试验。试验共设4个处理:处理1为单一使用牛粪的基质配方(C);处理2为单一使用中药渣的基质配方(D);处理3为基质袋上层使用牛粪基质配方,下层使用中药渣的基质配方(CD);处理4为基质袋上层使用中药渣基质配方,下层使用牛粪基质配方(DC)。结果表明:基质袋上层采用牛粪基质配方和基质袋下层采用中药渣基质配方的处理3番茄根系活力最强,为264.79μg·g^-1·h^-1,比处理1、处理2和处理4分别提高35.6%、8.5%和95.8%;小区产量最高,为63.68kg,比处理1、处理2和处理4分别提高17.1%、8.7%和21.9%;平均单果重最大,为0.26kg,比处理1、处理2和处理4分别提高18.2%、4.0%和30.0%。可见,在利用基质袋栽培作物过程中,基质袋上层采用孔隙度73.95%的牛粪基质配方,基质袋下层使用孔隙度83.00%的中药渣基质配方可以改善根际通气不畅的问题,提高果实产量。In the process of substrate cultivation,there is often the problem of poor ventilation in the substrate.Poor ventilation in the matrix will reduce plant root activity,inhibit plant growth and reduce fruit yield.For this reason,we selected the cow dung matrix formula with a porosity of 73.95%and the traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix formula with a porosity of83.00%to carry out the matrix formula stratification test.The experiment was divided into four treatments:treatment 1:single use of cow dung matrix formula(C);treatment 2:single use of traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix formula(D);treatment3:the upper layer of the substrate bag used cow dung matrix formula,the lower layer used traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix formula(CD);treatment 4:the upper layer of the substrate bag used traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix formula,the lower layer used cow dung matrix formula(DC).The results showed that the root system of treatment 3 with cow dung matrix formula in the upper layer of the substrate bag and traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix formula in the lower layer of the substrate bag had the strongest root system activity,which was 264.79μg·g·h^-1,which was 35.6%,8.5%and 95.8%higher than that of treatment 1,treatment 2 and treatment 4.The yield of the plot is the highest,which is 63.68 kg,which is 17.1%,8.7%and 21.9%higher than that of treatment 1,treatment 2 and treatment 4;the average single fruit weight is the largest,which is 0.26 kg,which is 18.2%,4%and 30%higher than that of treatment 1,treatment 2 and treatment 4;Thus,in the process of using the matrix bag to cultivate crops,the cow dung matrix formula with a porosity of 73.95%was used in the upper layer of the matrix bag,and the traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix formula with a porosity of 83.00%was used in the lower layer of the substrate bag,which could improve the poor ventilation in the rhizosphere and increase the fruit yield.

关 键 词：番茄 基质袋培 基质配方 基质分层 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]