抗逆与渗透物质耦合对番茄产量及水分利用的调控及机制探讨  

Coupling Effects of Stress-resistant Substances and Osmotic Regulators on Tomato Yield and Water Use Efficiency and Its Possible Mechanism

作　　者：李艳梅[1] 周亚文 张琳[1] 廖上强[1] 孙焱鑫[1] LI Yanmei;ZHOU Yawen;ZHANG Lin;LIAO Shangqiang;SUN Yanxin(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Hebei Shijiazhuang 050018,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,石家庄050018

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2021年第1期43-50,共8页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市农林科学院植物营养所科技能力提升专项;北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180704);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800405;2016YFD0201010);北京市粮经作物产业创新团队项目(BAIC09-2019)。

摘　　要：为探究外源喷施调控技术在设施番茄生产中的应用潜力,以‘鑫语’番茄为试验材料,在生育期内应用Ca(H 2 PO 4)2、K 4 SiO 4两种抗逆物质和脯氨酸(proline,Pro)、甜菜碱(betaine,GB)两种渗透调节物质,探讨抗逆和渗透调节物质耦合对番茄水分利用、营养和生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明,喷施Ca(H 2 PO 4)2、Ca(H 2 PO 4)2+Pro两种含钙悬液取得最佳效果,分别使番茄增产14%和10%,水分利用率提升8和6 kg·m^-3;喷施硅悬液使番茄增产3.5%。喷施Ca(H 2 PO 4)2+GB未取得与Ca(H 2 PO 4)2+Pro同等的正调控作用。单独喷施Pro或GB反而降低了番茄产量与水分利用率,等浓度GB的负调控效应更明显。抗逆物质×渗透物质对番茄产量及水分利用的影响存在显著的交互效应,各因子的贡献度大小表现为:渗透物质>抗逆物质>渗透物质×抗逆物质。综合分析认为,连续三次以单质浓度1.5 g·L^-1、制剂量1020 L·hm^-2·次^-1,喷施Ca(H 2 PO 4)2、Ca(H 2 PO 4)2+Pro可以取得理想调控效果。In order to explore the potential of application of anti-stress regulation technology in greenhouse tomato production,“Xinyu”variety was selected as test material,and two kinds of anti-stress substances(calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium silicate)and two kinds of osmotic regulator(proline and betaine)during the growth period were applied to study the coupling effects of anti-stress substances and osmotic regulators on water use efficiency,nutritional and physiological characteristics,and yield of tomato.The results showed that,spraying calcium dihydrogen phosphate,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate+proline had the best application effect,which increased yield by 14%and 10%,respectively,and water use efficiency increased by 8 and 6 kg·m^-3,respectively.The spray of silicon suspension increased yield by 3.5%.Calcium dihydrogen phosphate and betaine is far less than calcium dihydrogen phosphate and proline in terms of regulation effect.Single application of proline or betaine reduced tomato yield and water use efficiency,the negative effect of betaine was more obvious than proline applied at the same concentration.There were significant interaction on the effect of anti-stress substances and osmotic substance on tomato yield and water utilization,and the contribution of each factor is as much as:osmotic regulators>anti-stress substances>osmotic regulators×anti-stress substances.According to the comprehensive analysis,spraying calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate+proline by three times,with the compound concentration of 1.5 g·L^-1 and dosage of 1020 L·hm^-2 can achieve ideal regulatory effect.

关 键 词：番茄 钙 硅 脯氨酸 甜菜碱 水分利用 生理特性 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]