高温胁迫下粳稻产量因子的变化以及对抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Changes of Japonica Rice Yield Factors and Effects on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities under High Temperature Stress

作　　者：刘航江 袁新捷 陈国兴[1] LIU Hangjiang;YUAN Xinjie;CHEN Guoxing(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期14-21,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题子课题(2016YFD0100101-18)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究高温对粳稻的影响并筛选出耐高温品种,为粳稻的耐高温育种提供基础材料。【方法】以中日韩15个粳稻品种为材料(编号为S1~S15),通过3年田间自然高温胁迫和盆栽控温试验,使粳稻在抽穗开花期进行至少连续7 d日均温度高于32℃或最高温度高于35℃的高温胁迫,利用全自动数字化考种机对总粒数、实粒数、结实率和千粒质量等指标进行测定,利用酶试剂测试盒对剑叶叶片进行SOD、CAT和POD活性检测。【结果】田间试验中,粳稻品种年均结实率达80%以上的有S1、S2、S4、S5、S7和S14,年均结实率约为75%的有S6、S8、S9、S11和S13,年均结实率约为50%的有S3、S10和S15。盆栽控温试验中,粳稻品种相对结实率在95%以上的有S2、S7、S8和S9,相对结实率在75%~95%的有S1、S4、S5、S6、S11、S12、S13和S14,相对结实率在55%~75%的有S3、S10和S15;高温胁迫下,SOD、CAT和POD活性与相对结实率均呈不显著正相关(P>0.05),且各品种在经历了高温胁迫后的抗氧化酶活性均高于对照组。【结论】结合田间和盆栽试验,筛选出2个具有耐高温能力且综合农艺性状较好的品种,即奥羽392(S2)和临稻16号(S7),耐高温水稻表现出较高水平的抗氧化酶活性。[Purpose]To study the effect of high temperature on japonica rice and screen out hightemperature-tolerant varieties to provide basic materials for high-temperature breeding of japonica rice.[Method]Using 15 japonica rice varieties from China,Japan and South Korea as materials,through years of field natural high temperature stress and pot temperature control experiments,japonica rice was subjected to high temperature stress with a daily average temperature higher than 32℃or a maximum temperature higher than 35℃for at least 7 consecutive days during heading and flowering.The indexes such as total grain number,grain number,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight and so on were determined by using a full-automatic digital seed testing machine,and the activities of SOD,CAT and POD were detected by using a enzyme reagent test kit.[Result]In the field test,S1,S2,S4,S5,S7 and S14 had an average annual seed setting rate of more than 80%,S6,S8,S9,S11 and S13 had an average annual seed setting rate of about 75%,S3,S10 and S15 had an average annual seed setting rate of about 50%.In pot temperature control test,S2,S7,S8 and S9 were the japonica rice varieties with relative seed setting rate above 95%,S1,S4,S5,S6,S11,S12,S13 and S14 were the japonica rice varieties with relative seed setting rate between 75%and 95%,S3,S10 and S15 were the japonica rice varieties with relative seed setting rate between 55%and 75%.Under high temperature stress,SOD,CAT and POD activities are positively correlated with relative seed setting rate(P>0.05),and the antioxidant enzyme activities of each variety after high temperature stress are higher than those of the control group.[Conclusion]Combining field and pot experiments,2 varieties with high temperature tolerance and good comprehensive agronomic traits were selected,they are Aoyu 392(S2),and Lindao 16(S7).High temperature tolerant rice varieties have a higher level of antioxidant enzyme activity.

关 键 词：粳稻 高温胁迫 结实率 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]