喀斯特区改良与未改良草地植被和土壤特征研究  

Research on the Vegetation and Soil Traits of Improved and Unimproved Grasslands in Karst Region

作　　者：李梦瑶 赵一军 王文 宣文婷 毛文娅 徐震 LI Mengyao;ZHAO Yijun;WANG Wen;XUAN Wenting;MAO Wenya;XU Zhen(Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Yunnan Sheep Breeding Promotion Center,Kunming 655204,China;Xingyi ZhongBen Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co.,Ltd.,Xingyi 562407,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学,农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [3]云南省种羊繁育推广中心,云南昆明655204 [4]兴义市众犇农牧发展有限公司,贵州兴义562407

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期106-113,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：兴义市众犇农牧发展有限公司委托项目;长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT-17R50);云南省重点研发计划项目子课题(2018BB001-03);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2016]2585号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究中国南方喀斯特石砾区域东非狼尾草(Pennisetum clandestinum)改良草地的效果及适宜方法。【方法】以东非狼尾草改良草地和未改良的天然草地为对象,定量分析了东非狼尾草改良和未改良草地的群落植物种重要值、物种多样性、生物量构成、草土养分及群落稳定性特征。【结果】植物丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数均为改良草地<天然草地;活物质、地上和地下生物量、禾本科和豆科植物地上生物量比例均为改良草地>天然草地,而非播种禾草和其他植物地上生物量比例为改良草地<天然草地;牧草氮和磷含量为改良草地>天然草地,而牧草中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、纤维素、酸性洗涤木质素、酸不溶灰分及土壤有机质含量为改良草地<天然草地;改良草地群落植物物种Raunkiaer频度图呈典型反“J”形,群落趋于相对稳定阶段。【结论】东非狼尾草改良石砾区域草地的效果较好,可为中国南方喀斯特石质区域天然草地改良提供一种适宜方法。[Purpose]To explore the effect and suitable method of natural grasslands improved by Pennisetum clandestinum in karst rocky area of southern China.[Method]We selected improved grassland by P.clandestinum and unimproved natural grassland,and quantitatively analyzed the important values of plant species,species diversity,biomass composition,nutrients in herbage and soil and community stability of two kinds of grasslands.[Result]The plant species richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou evenness index were improved grasslands<natural grasslands;the biomass of living matter,shoot/root,and the proportions of gramineae and leguminous biomass were improved grasslands>natural grasslands,but the biomass proportions of native grasses and the other plants were improved grasslands<natural grasslands;the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in herbages were improved grasslands>natural grasslands,but the neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,cellulose,acid detergent lignin,acid-insoluble ash contents in herbages and the soil organic matter were improved grasslands<natural grasslands;the distribution of Raunkiaer frequency coefficient of plant species in the improved grasslands showed a typical"anti-J"shape,and the community tended a relatively stable stage.[Conclusion]P.clandestinum had a good effect in the natural grassland,which will provide a suitable method for natural grassland improving in karst rocky area of southern China.

关 键 词：东非狼尾草 石砾地 物种多样性 生物量构成 草土养分 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]