商个人内涵之厘清:基于“个人”和“组织”的界说  

Study of Implication of Commercial Individual——Based on Definition of Individual and Organization

作　　者：冯果[1] 张梁 FENG Guo;ZHANG Liang(不详)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期85-94,F0003,共11页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“功能主义视角下商个人法律问题的体系化研究”(19AFX015)。

摘　　要：新常态下商个人为经济提供了活力,疫情的冲击更使得商个人承载了保就业、保民生的重要任务。然而,现阶段商个人在理论层面与其他商主体区分并不清晰,直接动摇了商个人作为一个独立整体概念的基础。在商主体“二元论”趋势下,商个人与商事组织密切相关,对于何为商个人中“个人”,不能再局限于自身考察,应与商事组织的内涵结合起来。基于此,可以“独立性”标准,即是否具有独立于出资人的意思和财产区分商个人与商事组织。该标准能够明确清晰地区分商个人与商事组织,实现对系争商个人类型的合理化归置;同时它还具有实质性意义,反映了对于不同层次的市场,法律在价值选择及其组合权重上有所不同。Under the period of New Normal, commercial individual has provided vitality that the economy needs urgently. The pandemic of Covid-19 has made commercial individual highly connected with the employment and people s livelihood. However, the distinction between commercial individual and other commercial entities is not clear, which shakes the foundation of the concept of commercial individual as an independent whole. Under the trend of “dualism” in commercial entities, commercial individual is closely related to commercial organization, and the connotation of commercial individual should be integrated with the connotation of commercial organization. Commercial individual and commercial organization can be distinguished by the “independence” standard, which examines whether the commercial entity has the property and intention independent of the investors. This standard can clearly distinguish between commercial individual and commercial organization, achieving a reasonable classification, and show the differences in selection and combination in value for different levels of markets of the law.

关 键 词：商个人 商主体 商事组织 “独立性” 

分 类 号：D923.99[政治法律—民商法学]