帮助行为正犯化理论与立法探究  

A Probe into the Theory and Legislation of Alternation of Assisting Behavior to Principal Offenders

作　　者：皮勇[1] 杜嘉雯[1] PI Yong;DU Jia-wen(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2021年第1期108-117,共10页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：刑法理论中对于共同犯罪中帮助行为的刑罚量配置往往低于实行行为。但是现代社会生活中出现的一些帮助行为其社会危害性并不亚于实行行为,甚至形成无帮助行为则无实行行为的新型犯罪样态,对于这类帮助行为的刑罚处罚必然需要在原犯罪论体系中重新划定犯罪量并加以定型化,以此加强对严重危害社会行为的惩罚。具体帮助行为是否可罚,尤其对于中立帮助行为可罚性问题,是帮助行为正犯化问题处理的关键。立法中对于帮助行为正犯化已有相关实践,《刑法修正案(九)》中关于帮助行为正犯化的规范提供了应对这一困境的新思路:通过法益保护的提前化、处罚范围扩大化、处罚程度严厉化的方式实现保护法益的目的。然而理论上对于帮助行为可罚性问题尚有争议,为进一步明确帮助行为可罚性的判断以及提高当前其判断规则的准确性,有必要对帮助行为正犯化理论与立法实践进一步深入探究。In the theory of criminal law,the amount of penalty allocation for assisting behavior in joint crime is often lower than that of implementation behavior.However,some helping behaviors in modern social life are no less harmful to the society than the practicing behaviors,and even form a new criminal pattern of no helping behaviors but no carrying out behaviors.In order to strengthen the punishment of serious harm to society,it is necessary to redefine the amount of crime in the original criminal theory system and to stereotype it.Whether the specific helping behavior is punishable,especially for the neutral helping behavior,is the key to deal with the problem of helping behavior being criminalized.There have been relevant practices in the legislation for the criminalization of the helping act.The regulation of the aiding act in the Ninth Amendment of the criminal law provides a new way to deal with this dilemma:to protect the legal interests in advance,to expand the scope of punishment and to severely punish the legal interests.However,in theory,there are still controversies about the punishability of helping behavior.In order to further clarify the judgment of the punishability of the helping act and improve the accuracy of the current judgment rules,it is necessary to further explore the theory and legislative practice of the criminalization of the helping act.

关 键 词：帮助犯 正犯 共犯 实行行为 帮助行为 

分 类 号：D924.399[政治法律—刑法学]