超大方形空间火灾特点的仿真与实验研究  

Simulation and experimental study on fire behavior in super large square building

作　　者：李营[1] 张年立 杨立[1] 任凯[1] 张英[3] LI Ying;ZHANG Nian-li;YANG Li;REN Kai;ZHANG Ying(College of Power Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Hubei Wuhan 430013,China;The Army of 92337,Liaoning Dalian 116023,China;College of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Hubei Wuhan 430013,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学动力工程学院,湖北武汉430033 [2]92337部队,辽宁大连116023 [3]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430012

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2020年第12期1688-1692,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：湖北省2019年自然科学基金项目(2019CFB796);海军工程大学2019年大学自主立项“基于场模拟技术的丙烷气体燃烧火焰形态控制技术研究”。

摘　　要：针对超大方形建筑空间消防安全,采用仿真与实验相结合的方法,对此类空间发生火灾后的温度分布、烟气沉降、氧气浓度等内容展开了研究。研究表明,此类空间一旦发生大尺度火灾,烟气运动会出现明显的“分层”“顶棚射流”“壁面射流”现象;火场内温度分布呈现高、中、低3个梯度,高、中两个梯度会在300 s内超过人体承受温度;烟气沉降过程中会短暂停留在距离地面某一高度处;同时,烟气沉降到地面后,可燃物仍将继续长时间在浓度约为16%~18%的氧气中继续燃烧,且氧气浓度最低位置不是在火源附近,而极有可能出现在远离火源的墙壁下部。Aiming at the fire safety of the super large square space,by experiment and simulation,the detail was researched with respect to temperature distribution,smoke deposition,oxygen concentration,etc.when a fire occurred in such a space.The research showed that,when fire occurred,the smoke had the phenomena like"stratification","ceiling jet"and"wall jet".The temperature-distribution in the field had three gradients of high,medium and low,and the maximum and medium temperature would surpass the human tolerance in 300 seconds.The smoke would stay temporarily at a certain height from the ground during the descent.At the same time,after the smoke reaehed the ground,the combustibles will continue to burn in oxygencon centration of about 16%~18%for a long time,and the lowest oxygen concentration wouldn't appear near the fire source,but is most likely to occur at the bottom of the wall which is far away from the fire source.

关 键 词：超大方形空间 火灾实验 火灾仿真 温度梯度 烟气沉降 氧气浓度 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU242[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]