宁夏草原针茅属植物群落物种多样性和生产力格局及影响因素研究  

Community diversity,patterns of productivity,and factors influencing them in Stipa in Ningxia grassland

作　　者：刘万弟 李小伟[1] 黄文广 马惠成 马红英 王文晓 LIU Wan-di;LI Xiao-wei;HUANG Wen-guang;MA Hui-cheng;MA Hong-ying;WANG Wen-xiao(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Grassland Workstation of Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏草原工作站,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第1期12-23,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金(31460632);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)资助项目(NXYLXK2017A01);农业部草地资源监测项目(2016)资助。

摘　　要：物种多样性和生产力是草地生态系统的核心指标,是实现草地生态系统服务与功能的根本所在。宁夏温性草原位于干旱与半干旱的过渡区,针茅属植物是其优势种群,对水热变化敏感;因此,在全球气候变化背景下,探讨宁夏草原针茅属植物群落物种多样性与生产力的格局,在宏观尺度揭示其影响因素,不仅在生态学理论研究中具有重大价值,而且对宁夏天然草地生产与管理也具有指导意义。本研究以宁夏温性草原针茅属植物群落为对象,沿着环境梯度设置15个野外观测样地,调查了植物群落特征,测定土壤养分指标,结合各个样地的气候因子、土壤养分和空间数据,探讨了植物群落多样性和生产力空间分布格局及其对生态因子的响应,阐明植物群落物种多样性与生产力的关系。结果显示:1)宁夏针茅属群落生产力与纬度呈显著正相关,与海拔和经度显著负相关;物种多样性与纬度显著负相关,与海拔显著正相关,而与经度关系不显著;2)冗余分析(RDA)结果显示:土壤速效氮(SAN)、年均温度(MAT)、土壤有机碳(SOC)、土壤全氮(TN)、年均辐射(Ssrad)、土壤水分(SWC)、土壤容重(BD)、土壤全磷(TP)、年均降水量(MAP)、生长季月均降水量(GSP)、干旱季月均降水量(PDA)是影响物种多样性和生产力的主要因素;土壤因子对生产力、多样性及整体解释量分别为15.6%、17.8%、19.8%,水热因子对生产力、多样性及整体解释量分别为13.8%、37.9%、25.2%,共同解释量分别为68.7%、39.6%、50.6%。总体而言,水热及土壤因子是宁夏针茅属草原生产力及多样性格局的驱动因素,但对多样性和生产力解释比例不同,具有一定的倾向性;群落多样性与生产力呈正相关趋势,但不显著。本研究结果能为宁夏天然草原的生产与管理提供理论依据。Species diversity and productivity are core indicators of grassland ecosystems and the fundamental factors for characterizing the services and functions of grassland ecosystems.The temperate grasslands in Ningxia are located in the transitional area between arid and semi-arid grasslands.Stipa is the dominant plant genus and it is sensitive to changes in water and heat.Therefore,in this study,we focused on the diversity of Stipa plant communities in Ningxia grasslands in the context of global climate change.A knowledge of the patterns of diversity and productivity,and the factors that influence them at the macro-scale,is not only of great value for research on ecological theory,but is also significant for the production and management of natural grasslands in Ningxia.In this study,15 Stipa plant communities in the temperate grassland of Ningxia were studied in detail.Fifteen field observation plots were established along an environmental gradient,and the characteristics of the plant community,soil nutrient status,and climatic factors were measured.The spatial distribution patterns of plant community diversity and productivity,and the responses of plant communities to ecological factors were also determined.These analyses clarified the relationship between plant community species diversity and productivity.We found that:1)The productivity of the Stipa community in Ningxia was significantly positively correlated with latitude and negatively correlated with altitude and longitude;species diversity was significantly negatively correlated with latitude and significantly positively correlated with altitude,but not significantly correlated with longitude;2)The results of redundancy analyses showed that soil available nitrogen,annual average temperature,soil organic carbon,soil total nitrogen,annual average radiation,soil moisture,soil bulk density,soil total phosphorus,average annual precipitation,average monthly precipitation of the growing season,and average monthly precipitation of the dry season were the main factors

关 键 词：针茅属群落 多样性 生产力 水热条件 土壤 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]